The zig-zag tracheal strip

Emmerson, Jane; Mackay, D.

doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1979.tb13666.x

Cited by 92 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…This discrepancy might be explained by differences in the method of preparation of the tracheal strips. In the study of Advenier et al (1987), guinea-pig trachea was spirally cut, while in the present work it was prepared according to the zig-zag method (Emmerson & Mackay, 1979), which is perhaps a more appropriate method to preserve intact epithelium. In addition to the results on the effects of epithelial removal, the contractile responses obtained with specific agonists for each of the three classes of neurokinin receptor suggest the presence in the trachea of two and possibly three classes of receptors, as already identified in other preparations .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trachea was removed and placed in Krebs-Henseleit solution of the following composition (mM): NaCl 114, KCl 4.7, CaCl2 2.5, KH2PO4 1.2, MgSO4 1.2, NaHCO3 25.0, glucose 11.7. Following removal of adhering fat and connective tissue, the trachea was slit open along its longitudinal axis, diametrically opposite the smooth muscle, and two strips consisting of 3 adjacent cartilage rings were prepared according to the zig-zag method of Emmerson & Mackay (1979).…”

Section: Tissue Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the effects of epithelium removal and of an enkephalinase inhibitor on the neurokinin‐induced contractions of guinea‐pig isolated trachea

Devillier

Advenier²,

Drapeau

et al. 1988

British J Pharmacology

129

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1 The influence of epithelium removal and/or thiorphan on the effects of neurokinins (substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), neurokinin B (NKB)) and related peptides on airway contractility was investigated on the guinea-pig isolated trachea. 2 Removing the tracheal epithelium significantly enhanced the sensitivity but not the maximum contractile responses to the peptides.3 After removal of the epithelial layer, the shifts to the left of the log concentration response curves were greater for SP and SP-OMe (1.62 and 1.94 log units, respectively) than for two SP analogues substituted in position 9 namely [Pro9]SP sulfone and [f-Ala4, Sar9]SP(4-1 1)sulfone (0.66 and 0.68 log units, respectively). The leftward shifts for compounds related to NKA or NKB lay between 0.58 and 0.73 log units.4 The leftward shifts of the log concentration-response curves for SP, SP-OMe, [Pro9]SP sulfone, [#-Ala4, Sar9]SP(4-1 1) sulfone and NKA were of similar magnitude after removal of the epithelium or after pretreatment with thiorphan (10 5M), an enkephalinase inhibitor, in the presence of epithelium. No significant additional shift of the curves to the left was observed with thiorphan plus epithelium removal. 5 The results obtained with the selective agonists for each of the three classes of neurokinin receptor (i.e NK1, NK2, NK3) suggest that the guinea-pig trachea contains receptors for SP and NKA but few if any for NKB. 6 It was concluded that neurokinins and related peptides (especially SP and analogues not substituted in position 9) are degraded by enkephalinase mainly located in the tracheal epithelium and that the addition of thiorphan or epithelium removal results in an inhibition or loss of enkephalinase activity, thereby increasing similarly the potencies of these peptides. It was, therefore, suggested that the supersensitivity to neurokinins produced by epithelium removal was due neither to the elimination of a permeability barrier nor to reduced production of a relaxant factor, but mainly to reduced peptide degradation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tissue Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the effects of epithelium removal and of an enkephalinase inhibitor on the neurokinin‐induced contractions of guinea‐pig isolated trachea

Devillier

Advenier²,

Drapeau

et al. 1988

British J Pharmacology

129

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“…Alternate incomplete cuts were made at about 3 mm intervals between cartilage segments to create a zigzag strip, as described by Emmerson & Mackay (1979). The tracheal strip was set up in a 20 ml organ bath containing physiological salt solution (PSS) for isometric recording under a resting tension of 0.5 g. When the effects of L-or D-arginine (2701iM) on the action of L-NMMA (90MM) were investigated, these agents were added 20min after the administration of L-NMMA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence that part of the NANC relaxant response of guinea‐pig trachea to electrical field stimulation is mediated by nitric oxide

Rand

1991

British J Pharmacology

288

151

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1 The nitric oxide (NO) synthesis inhibitors NG-monomethyl L-arginine (L-NMMA) and L-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) reduced relaxations of guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle elicited by stimulation of intramural non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) nerves, but D-NMMA had no effect. L-NAME was 10-30 times more potent than L-NMMA. Relaxations produced by sodium nitroprusside and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were not affected by L-NMMA or L-NAME. 2 The inhibitory effect of L-NMMA on NANC-mediated relaxations was partially reversed by L-arginine but was not affected by D-arginine. 3 VIP antibody and a-chymotrypsin abolished or greatly reduced the relaxant action of VIP and reduced relaxations elicited by stimulation of NANC nerves; the residual NANC relaxation was further reduced by L-NAME. 4 The results suggest that NO and VIP are mediators of NANC-induced relaxations of guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle. We propose the term 'nitrergic' to describe transmission processes which are mediated by NO.

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“…The trachea was dissected and cut into zig zag strips according to the method of Emmer son and Mackay (8). Trachea strips were sus pended in 20-m1 organ baths filled with Tyrode solution of the following composition: 137.0 mM NaCl, 11.9 mM NaHCO3, 2.68 mM KCI, 1.89 mM CaC12, 1.09 mM MgCl2, 0.42 mM NaH2PO4 and 5.6 mM glucose, which was continuously gassed with 95% 02-5% CO, and maintained at 37°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracheal Relaxing Effects and β2-Selectivity of TA-2005, a Newly Developed Bronchodilating Agent, in Isolated Guinea Pig Tissues

Kikkawa¹,

Naito²,

Ikezawa³

1991

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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ABSTRACT-Tracheal relaxing effects and /32-selectivity of TA-2005 were investi gated by functional experiments and radioligand binding assay in guinea pigs in com parison with those of other ,Q-agonists, isoproterenol, procaterol, formoterol and sal butamol. The relaxing activity of TA-2005 on histamine-induced contraction in the isolated trachea was most potent among the five agonists, and it was blocked by a 82 selective antagonist (ICI 118,551) but not by a /3,-selective antagonist (bisoprolol). The potency of the relaxing effect was in the order of TA-2005 (pD-, = 9.79) > for moterol > procaterol > isoproterenol > salbutamol. The positive chronotropic effect of TA-2005 was similar to that of isoproterenol; and it was more potent than those of formoterol, procaterol and salbutamol in the isolated atria. The selectivity for tracheal muscle to atria of these agonists were in the order of procaterol > formoterol > TA 2005 > salbutamol >> isoproterenol. A radioligand binding experiment using guinea pig lung and cardiac ventricle as ,82 and 81-adrenoceptor sources, respectively, has also demonstrated that TA-2005 possesses extremely high affinity (IC50 = 1.04 nM) and selectivity (38-fold) to X32-adrenoceptors. By addition of GTP, the competition curve of [1251 ]iodocyanopindolol shifted rightward, indicating the agonist property. These results confirmed that TA-2005 is a highly 82-selective agonist that exerts a po tent tracheal relaxing effect.

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The zig-zag tracheal strip

Cited by 92 publications

References 4 publications

Comparison of the effects of epithelium removal and of an enkephalinase inhibitor on the neurokinin‐induced contractions of guinea‐pig isolated trachea

Comparison of the effects of epithelium removal and of an enkephalinase inhibitor on the neurokinin‐induced contractions of guinea‐pig isolated trachea

Evidence that part of the NANC relaxant response of guinea‐pig trachea to electrical field stimulation is mediated by nitric oxide

Tracheal Relaxing Effects and β2-Selectivity of TA-2005, a Newly Developed Bronchodilating Agent, in Isolated Guinea Pig Tissues

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