The Xylella fastidiosa PD1063 Protein Is Secreted in Association with Outer Membrane Vesicles

Pierce, Brittany; Voegel, Tanja M.; Kirkpatrick, Bruce C.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113504

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…oryzicola (Qian et al ., ) and the commensal Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (McCarthy et al ., ), and have been shown to be essential for virulence, biofilm formation, motility and EPS production. However, the Ax21 homologue in Xylella fastidiosa was shown not to be required for virulence or biofilm formation, supporting the species‐specific evolution of QS signal‐mediated regulation of virulence (Pierce et al ., ).…”

Section: Qs In Plant Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 97%

Bacterial pathogenesis of plants: future challenges from a microbial perspective

Pfeilmeier

Caly

Malone

2016

Molecular Plant Pathology

103

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Summary Future Challenges in Plant Pathology Plant infection is a complicated process. On encountering a plant, pathogenic microorganisms must first adapt to life on the epiphytic surface, and survive long enough to initiate an infection. Responsiveness to the environment is critical throughout infection, with intracellular and community‐level signal transduction pathways integrating environmental signals and triggering appropriate responses in the bacterial population. Ultimately, phytopathogens must migrate from the epiphytic surface into the plant tissue using motility and chemotaxis pathways. This migration is coupled with overcoming the physical and chemical barriers to entry into the plant apoplast. Once inside the plant, bacteria use an array of secretion systems to release phytotoxins and protein effectors that fulfil diverse pathogenic functions (Fig. 1 ) (Melotto and Kunkel, 2013 ; Phan Tran et al ., 2011 ). As our understanding of the pathways and mechanisms underpinning plant pathogenicity increases, a number of central research challenges are emerging that will profoundly shape the direction of research in the future. We need to understand the bacterial phenotypes that promote epiphytic survival and surface adaptation in pathogenic bacteria. How do these pathways function in the context of the plant‐associated microbiome, and what impact does this complex microbial community have on the onset and severity of plant infections? The huge importance of bacterial signal transduction to every stage of plant infection is becoming increasingly clear. However, there is a great deal to learn about how these signalling pathways function in phytopathogenic bacteria, and the contribution they make to various aspects of plant pathogenicity. We are increasingly able to explore the structural and functional diversity of small‐molecule natural products from plant pathogens. We need to acquire a much better understanding of the production, deployment, functional redundancy and physiological roles of these molecules. Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are important and well‐studied contributors to bacterial disease. Several key unanswered questions will shape future investigations of these systems. We need to define the mechanism of hierarchical and temporal control of effector secretion. For successful infection, effectors need to interact with host components to exert their function. Advanced biochemical, proteomic and cell biological techniques will enable us to study the function of effectors inside the host cell in more detail and on a broader scale. Population genomics analyses provide insight into evolutionary adaptation processes of phytopathogens. The determination of the diversity and distribution of type III effectors (T3Es) and other virulence genes wi...

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Section: Qs In Plant Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 97%

Bacterial pathogenesis of plants: future challenges from a microbial perspective

Pfeilmeier

Caly

Malone

2016

Molecular Plant Pathology

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In contrast, in trans unsaturated fatty acids, the kink adds up to only 6° (Macdonald et al 1985 ). Thus, compared to the cis isomers, trans fatty acids can align more closely to each other and in this regard resemble saturated fatty acid residues (Heipieper et al 2003 ; Kulig et al 2016 ; Pierce et al 2014 ). Consequently, this results in a more rigid membrane (Chen et al 1995 ; Diefenbach et al 1992 ).…”

Section: Cis-trans -Isomerization Of Membrane Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immediate response mechanisms of Gram-negative solvent-tolerant bacteria to cope with environmental stress: cis-trans isomerization of unsaturated fatty acids and outer membrane vesicle secretion

Eberlein

Baumgarten

Starke

et al. 2018

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

102

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Bacteria have evolved an array of adaptive mechanisms enabling them to survive and grow in the presence of different environmental stresses. These mechanisms include either modifications of the membrane or changes in the overall energy status, cell morphology, and cell surface properties. Long-term adaptations are dependent on transcriptional regulation, the induction of anabolic pathways, and cell growth. However, to survive sudden environmental changes, bacterial short-term responses are essential to keep the cells alive after the occurrence of an environmental stress factor such as heat shock or the presence of toxic organic solvents. Thus far, two main short-term responses are known. On the one hand, a fast isomerization of cis into trans unsaturated fatty leads to a quick rigidification of the cell membrane, a mechanism known in some genera of Gram-negative bacteria. On the other hand, a fast, effective, and ubiquitously present countermeasure is the release of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from the cell surface leading to a rapid increase in cell surface hydrophobicity and finally to the formation of cell aggregates and biofilms. These immediate response mechanisms just allow the bacteria to stay physiologically active and to employ long-term responses to assure viability upon changing environmental conditions. Here, we provide insight into the two aforementioned rapid adaptive mechanisms affecting ultimately the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria.

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“…It was found that these proteins show different patterns of distribution in the xylem during biofilm formation [ 127 ]. Furthermore, haemagglutinin adhesion and MopB, an outer membrane protein, have been studied in X. fastidiosa [ 120 , 128 , 129 , 130 ]. While the role of the protein (MopB) is not well known, it is well established that the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) in Gram-negative bacteria play vital roles such as (1) keeping the structural integrity of the outer membrane (OM), (2) recognition proteins, (3) transportation, (4) membrane pores, (5) membrane-bound enzymes or components of signal cascades [ 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 ], (6) stress resistance (implicated are Escherichia coli OmpA and OprF in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) [ 135 , 136 , 137 ], (7) pathogenesis (for example, OmpA in Escherichia coli and OspC in Borrelia burgdorferi ) [ 134 , 138 , 139 ], and (8) agglutination.…”

Section: Ribosome Display Technology In Disease Diagnostics and Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Ribosome Display Technology: Applications in Disease Diagnosis and Control

et al. 2020

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Antibody ribosome display remains one of the most successful in vitro selection technologies for antibodies fifteen years after it was developed. The unique possibility of direct generation of whole proteins, particularly single-chain antibody fragments (scFvs), has facilitated the establishment of this technology as one of the foremost antibody production methods. Ribosome display has become a vital tool for efficient and low-cost production of antibodies for diagnostics due to its advantageous ability to screen large libraries and generate binders of high affinity. The remarkable flexibility of this method enables its applicability to various platforms. This review focuses on the applications of ribosome display technology in biomedical and agricultural fields in the generation of recombinant scFvs for disease diagnostics and control.

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The Xylella fastidiosa PD1063 Protein Is Secreted in Association with Outer Membrane Vesicles

Cited by 11 publications

References 43 publications

Bacterial pathogenesis of plants: future challenges from a microbial perspective

Bacterial pathogenesis of plants: future challenges from a microbial perspective

Immediate response mechanisms of Gram-negative solvent-tolerant bacteria to cope with environmental stress: cis-trans isomerization of unsaturated fatty acids and outer membrane vesicle secretion

Ribosome Display Technology: Applications in Disease Diagnosis and Control

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