The Whole Works: A GNSS/IMU Tight Coupled Filter for Android Raw GNSS Measurements with Local Ground Augmentation Strategies

Fortunato, Marco; Tagliaferro, Giulio; Fernández-Rodríguez, E.; Critchley-Marrows, Joshua

doi:10.33012/2021.18006

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The other group of studies is focused on practical applications, taking into account many differing positioning approaches, including single point positioning (SPP) [ 11 , 12 ], precise point positioning (PPP) [ 13 , 14 ], differential GNSS (DGNSS) [ 15 , 16 ], real-time kinematics (RTK) [ 17 , 18 ], post-processed kinematics (PPK) [ 19 ] and static (carrier-phase based) positioning [ 20 ]. To supplement the low-quality GNSS data from smartphones, authors have recently focused on combinations with other sensors usable for positioning, e.g., inertial measurement units (IMU) [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Other approaches include, e.g., the aid of 3D maps [ 24 ] and collaborative smartphone positioning [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static Positioning under Tree Canopy Using Low-Cost GNSS Receivers and Adapted RTKLIB Software

Tomaštík

Everett²

2023

Sensors

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The decrease in costs and dimensions of GNSS receivers has enabled their adoption for a very wide range of users. Formerly mediocre positioning performance is benefiting from recent technology advances, namely the adoption of multi-constellation, multi-frequency receivers. In our study, we evaluate signal characteristics and horizontal accuracies achievable with two low-cost receivers—a Google Pixel 5 smartphone and a u-Blox ZED F9P standalone receiver. The considered conditions include open area with nearly optimal signal reception, but also locations with differing amounts of tree canopy. GNSS data were acquired using ten 20 min observations under leaf-on and leaf-off conditions. Post-processing in static mode was conducted using the Demo5 fork of the RTKLIB open source software, which is adapted for usage with lower quality measurement data. The F9P receiver provided consistent results with sub-decimeter median horizontal errors even under tree canopy. The errors for the Pixel 5 smartphone were under 0.5 m under open-sky conditions and around 1.5 m under vegetation canopy. The adaptation of the post-processing software to lower quality data was proven crucial, especially for the smartphone. In terms of signal quality (carrier-to-noise density, multipath), the standalone receiver provided significantly better data than the smartphone.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static Positioning under Tree Canopy Using Low-Cost GNSS Receivers and Adapted RTKLIB Software

Tomaštík

Everett²

2023

Sensors

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“…In the 2021 GSDC, the 1st-place winner used factor graph optimization, coupled with Takasu’s version of the RTKLIB, to obtain a score of 1.62 m [ 11 ]. Other teams used Google’s baseline Android navigation engine [ 16 ] or their own proprietary navigation engines [ 17 ]. In the Results section of the paper, the performance of the updated RTKLIB against other navigation engines will be provided using the official Kaggle scoring system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the Use of RTKLIB for Smartphone-Based GNSS Measurements

Everett¹,

Taylor

Lee

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The Google Smartphone Decimeter Challenge (GSDC) was a competition held in 2021, where data from a variety of instruments useful for determining a phone’s position (signals from GPS satellites, accelerometer readings, gyroscope readings, etc.) using Android smartphones were provided to be processed/assessed in regard to the most accurate determination of the longitude and latitude of user positions. One of the tools that can be utilized to process the GNSS measurements is RTKLIB. RTKLIB is an open-source GNSS processing software tool that can be used with the GNSS measurements, including code, carrier, and doppler measurements, to provide real-time kinematic (RTK), precise point positioning (PPP), and post-processed kinematic (PPK) solutions. In the GSDC, we focused on the PPK capabilities of RTKLIB, as the challenge only required post-processing of past data. Although PPK positioning is expected to provide sub-meter level accuracies, the lower quality of the Android measurements compared to geodetic receivers makes this performance difficult to achieve consistently. Another latent issue is that the original RTKLIB created by Tomoji Takasu is aimed at commercial GNSS receivers rather than smartphones. Therefore, the performance of the original RTKLIB for the GSDC is limited. Consequently, adjustments to both the code-base and the default settings are suggested. When implemented, these changes allowed RTKLIB processing to score 5th place, based on the performance submissions of the prior GSDC competition. Detailed information on what was changed, and the steps to replicate the final results, are presented in the paper. Moreover, the updated code-base, with all the implemented changes, is provided in the public repository. This paper outlines a procedure to optimize the use of RTKLIB for Android smartphone measurements, highlighting the changes needed given the low-quality measurements from the mobile phone platform (relative to the survey grade GNSS receiver), which can be used as a basis point for further optimization for future GSDC competitions.

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A shipboard integrated navigation algorithm based on smartphone built-in GNSS/IMU/MAG sensors

Bai,

Chai,

Tian

et al. 2024

Advances in Space Research

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The Whole Works: A GNSS/IMU Tight Coupled Filter for Android Raw GNSS Measurements with Local Ground Augmentation Strategies

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Static Positioning under Tree Canopy Using Low-Cost GNSS Receivers and Adapted RTKLIB Software

Static Positioning under Tree Canopy Using Low-Cost GNSS Receivers and Adapted RTKLIB Software

Optimizing the Use of RTKLIB for Smartphone-Based GNSS Measurements

A shipboard integrated navigation algorithm based on smartphone built-in GNSS/IMU/MAG sensors

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