The 'WHO Safe Communities' model for the prevention of injury in whole populations

Spinks, Anneliese; Turner, Catherine; Nixon, James W.; McClure, Roderick John

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004445.pub3

Cited by 64 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Globally, Iran is ranked the fifth place in road traffic mortality, while it is in the first place among EMR countries (25). The effectiveness of the safe community initiative has been reported in the literature (21,26,27). Accordingly, this concept should be promoted and expanded across Iran.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Engagement of community members in safety promotion programs shows that people not only live and work in the community, but also accept a social responsibility to identify the community's needs, problems, and potential to prevent injuries (19). sufficient and inconsistent evidence on the effectiveness of safe communities, which makes it difficult to draw a definite conclusion in this area (27). Use of scientific methodologies to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions, as well as initiative documentation, not only facilitates the decision-making process in the community, but also promotes other community performance benchmarks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Iranian Designated Safe Communities: A Quantitative Analysis

Tabrizi¹,

Bazargani²,

Mohammadi³

et al. 2017

Trauma Mon

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iranian Designated Safe Communities: A Quantitative Analysis

Tabrizi¹,

Bazargani²,

Mohammadi³

et al. 2017

Trauma Mon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, strict inclusion criteria that attempt to define trials that are Bvery similar^may lead to an overly conservative decision that trials should not be combined unless all components are identical in all studies [3]. The more aspects they share in common, such as conceptual or theoretical framework, inclusion and exclusion criteria, recruitment methods, measures, timing of assessments, intervention approaches, and procedures of study implementation (e.g., training, quality assurance, and data management), the less heterogeneity and the more convincing the argument for combining will be.…”

Section: Methodological Issues In Combining Similar But Different Intmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical methodologies to pool across multiple intervention studies

Bangdiwala

Bhargava

O’Connor

et al. 2016

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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Combining and analyzing data from heterogeneous randomized controlled trials of complex multiplecomponent intervention studies, or discussing them in a systematic review, is not straightforward. The present article describes certain issues to be considered when combining data across studies, based on discussions in an NIH-sponsored workshop on pooling issues across studies in consortia (see Belle et al. in Psychol Aging, 18(3):396-405, 2003). Several statistical methodologies are described and their advantages and limitations are explored. Whether weighting the different studies data differently, or via employing random effects, one must recognize that different pooling methodologies may yield different results. Pooling can be used for comprehensive exploratory analyses of data from RCTs and should not be viewed as replacing the standard analysis plan for each study. Pooling may help to identify intervention components that may be more effective especially for subsets of participants with certain behavioral characteristics. Pooling, when supported by statistical tests, can allow exploratory investigation of potential hypotheses and for the design of future interventions. KeywordsStatistical pooling of studies, Random-effects metaanalysis, Study-level meta-regression, Multilevel meta-regression, Multilevel structural models INTRODUCTION Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard experimental study design for establishing the causal effect of an intervention on an outcome of interest. RCTs are usually designed to have high internal validity in addressing specific hypotheses but may have less external validity as their inclusion and exclusion criteria may be very restrictive. Often there are many similar trials addressing the same type of research hypotheses but with different target populations, settings, or outcome measures. Such trials may not evaluate exactly the same intervention, especially in trials of interventions that include combinations of multiple behavioral, social, pharmacological and/or environmental components.

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“…A recent Cochrane Review (Spinks, Turner, Nixon, & McClure, 2009) concluded that there was no consistent relationship between status as a WHO designated Safe Community and resultant changes in injury outcomes. Evaluations for 21 communities, collectively from Sweden, Austria, Norway, Australia and New Zealand, were included in the review.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evaluations for 21 communities, collectively from Sweden, Austria, Norway, Australia and New Zealand, were included in the review. Spinks et al (2009) argue that the science of community-centred injury prevention is compromised by the diversity and minimally demonstrated efficacy of safe community approaches and activities, the relative dearth of evaluations undertaken, methodological limitations in community-based evaluations, and the distinct variation in observed injury rates across identified communities. Similar findings were reported by Spinks and associates in an earlier systematic review of community-based childhood injury prevention programmes undertaken in 2004 (Spinks, Turner, McClure, & Nixon, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing the evidence-base for Safe Communities: a multi-level, partly randomised, controlled trial

Seedat

McClure

Suffla

et al. 2012

International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion

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Safe Communities, representing a global activation of the public health logic, may be strengthened through theoretical, methodological and empirical support. In the spirit of this Special Issue that aims to analyse the achievements and challenges inherent to Safe Communities, we offer our contribution in the form of a methodology of a multi-country child safety, peace and health promotion study. The study, situated within an African-centred initiative called Ukuphepha - an isiZulu word meaning demonstrating African safety - is underpinned by four theoretical claims that frame injury and violence prevention as a multi-disciplinary issue to be addressed through a suite of interventions to family and extended social systems. The interventions, sensitive to the priorities of each participating country, have been informed by the literature on effective interventions and the authors' joint experiences of community development. The study is designed as a population-based, multi-level, multi-intervention partly randomised controlled trial, and there are potentially 24 participant communities representing South Africa, Mozambique, Egypt, Zambia, Uganda, Bangladesh, Malaysia and Australia - over three commencement phases. Whereas process evaluation will focus on community engagement, impact evaluation will consider risk and protective factors, and outcome evaluation will examine the overall effectiveness of the interventions. Notwithstanding the many challenges, the study will provide insights into the methodology and mechanisms of ecologically-oriented interventions that locate injury and violence prevention as an activity arising from safety, peace and health promotion.

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The 'WHO Safe Communities' model for the prevention of injury in whole populations

Cited by 64 publications

References 52 publications

Iranian Designated Safe Communities: A Quantitative Analysis

Iranian Designated Safe Communities: A Quantitative Analysis

Statistical methodologies to pool across multiple intervention studies

Developing the evidence-base for Safe Communities: a multi-level, partly randomised, controlled trial

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