The Wheats and Their Relatives

Sears, E. R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2994-7_3

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Successful wide crosses among different Triticeae genera are relatively easily accomplished (Sakamoto, 1973) and cytogenetic techniques have been developed for transferring intact alien chromosomes and parts of alien chromosomes into common bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42, genomes A, B, and D) (O'Mara, 1940;Sears, 1956;Riley, Chapman & Johnson, 1968; see also Riley & Kimber, 1966;Sears, 1975). Consequently, the genetic variation of the whole of the tribe, comprising approximately 15 genera (Sakamoto, 1973), is potentially available for wheat improvement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomal locations of elevenElytrigia elongata(=Agropyron elongatum) isozyme structural genes

Hart

Tuleen

1983

Genet. Res.

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The zymogram phenotypes of 11 enzymes were determined for 22 Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring-Elytrigia elongata disomic and ditelosomic chromosome addition lines. Eleven isozyme structural genes were located in specific arms of six E. elongata chromosomes, as follows: Gpi-El in 1ES, Est-El in 3ES, Got-E3 in 3EL, Adh-El and Lpx-El in 4ES, Adh-E2 and Lpx-E2 in 5EL, Amp-El in 6Ea, Adh-E3 and Got-E2 in 6E/?, and Ep-El in 7EL. The E. elongata chromosomes present in five disomic addition lines have previously been designated IE, 2E, 4E, 6E, and 7E to indicate their homoeology with Chinese Spring chromosomes. The results of this study support these designations. The development of disomic putative 3E and 5E addition lines is reported. The added chromosomes designated IV, V, and VI that are present in three of the seven original disomic T. aestivum-E. elongata addition lines are translocated. Evidence that VL and VIL are opposite arms of 2E and that IV is partially homoeologous to 3E has been published. The results reported in this paper indicate that IVS = 3ES, IVL = 7EL, VS = 3ES, and VIS = 5ES and are consistent with VL and VIL being opposite arms of 2E. The synteny relationships of the 11 E. elongata isozyme genes identified in this study are fully consistent with those of homoeologous T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring genes and thus provide evidence that the gene synteny groups which these two species inherited from their common ancestor are conserved. This study further documents the valuable role that studies of isozyme genes can play in the isolation, characterization, and maintenance of alien chromosomes, telosomes, and chromosomal segments in wheat strains.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomal locations of elevenElytrigia elongata(=Agropyron elongatum) isozyme structural genes

Hart

Tuleen

1983

Genet. Res.

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“…The availability of series of aneuploid stocks (Sears 1952) has been the major contributory factor in establishing procedures of gene transfer in wheat. Aneuploid stocks have been widely used to study the genomic structure of bread wheat and its cytogenetic affinity with related species (Sears 1974). An understanding of these cytogenetic relations has led to the establishment of procedures of gene transfer by chromosome manipulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific manipulation of chromosomes

Thomas

1981

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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The success of introducing alien variation into crop species from related species depends on the cytogenetic relations between the species. If there are no restrictions on chromosome pairing and recombination in species hybrids, a backcrossing programme can be used to obtain the desired gene transfers. However, when there is a failure of adequate chromosome pairing in species hybrids, techniques of chromosome manipulation have to be used to obtain alien gene transfers. In polyploid crop species it is possible to introduce appropriate single chromosomes of the alien species into the genotype of the recipient species, but the failure of the alien chromosome to become integrated into the genotype of the recipient species often leads to meiotic instability. The introduction of segments of alien chromosomes has been successful through the use of irradiation-induced translocations. The deletions/duplications that are a consequence of such translocations do limit the usefulness of this approach. In a number of allopolyploid crop species, regular bivalent pairing behaviour has been shown to be genetically controlled. By interfering with the genetic system controlling the diploid-like pairing it is possible to induce pairing between the alien chromosomes and its corresponding chromosomes in the crop species. Gene transfers based on this method involve exchanges between chromosomes of similar gene sequences. These techniques are discussed and application of the procedures to transfer alien variation into the cultivated oat is described. A scheme is also proposed for transferring the genes controlling regular bivalent pairing from natural polyploid species into synthetic amphiploids in Lolium/Festuca .

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“…A major initial requirement for such a study is the isolation and characterization of the possible disomic chromosome addition lines (O'Mara, 1940;Riley & Chapman, 312 G. E. HART, A. K. M. R. ISLAM AND K. W. SHEPHERD 1958). The identification of addition lines has conventionally been based on plant phenotypes and/or chromosome morphology, on appropriate tests for meiotic chromosome pairing, and, in a few cases, on genetic markers known to be present in alien chromosomes (Sears, 1975). This process (as well as the development of other wheat lines containing alien genetic material) would be considerably facilitated by the ability to readily detect the expression of individual alien genes in such lines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of isozymes as chromosome markers in the isolation and characterization of wheat-barley chromosome addition lines

1980

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SUMMARYThe alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), aminopeptidase (AMP), endopeptidase (EP), and esterase (EST) zymogram phenotypes of Chinese Spring wheat, Betzes barley, Chinese Spring-Betzes heptaploids, and a number of presumptive Betzes chromosome additions to Chinese Spring were determined. It was found that four disomic chromosome addition lines could be distinguished from one another and from the other three possible lines on the basis of the zymogram phenotypes of these isozymes.The structural gene Adh-H1 was located in Betzes chromosome 4, the genes Got-H2 and Amp-H1 in chromosome 6, and the gene Ep-H1 in chromosome 1. These gene locations provide evidence of homoeology between Betzes chromosomes 4, 6, and 1 and the Chinese Spring chromosomes of homoeologous groups 4, 6, and 7, respectively.

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The Wheats and Their Relatives

Cited by 24 publications

References 63 publications

Chromosomal locations of elevenElytrigia elongata(=Agropyron elongatum) isozyme structural genes

Chromosomal locations of elevenElytrigia elongata(=Agropyron elongatum) isozyme structural genes

Interspecific manipulation of chromosomes

Use of isozymes as chromosome markers in the isolation and characterization of wheat-barley chromosome addition lines

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