The Weinstein conjecture, as the general existence problem for periodic orbits of Hamiltonian or Reeb flows, has been among the central questions in symplectic topology for over two decades and its investigation has led to understanding of some fundamental properties of Hamiltonian flows.In this paper we survey some recently developed and well-known methods of proving various particular cases of this conjecture and the closely related almost existence theorem. We also examine differentiability and continuity properties of the Hofer-Zehnder capacity function and relate these properties to the features of the underlying Hamiltonian dynamics, e.g., to the period growth. 1 2. The nearby existence theorems Nearby existence theorems are usually proved by Floer homological methods. Below we discuss some of these methods, focusing on the key ideas and omitting many (often quite non-trivial) technical details.