The Weigl Colour‐Form Sorting Test: a quick and easily administered bedside screen for dementia and executive dysfunction

Abstract

The WCFT was able to demonstrate good sensitivity and specificity, at detecting cognitive impairments in all of the subjects. This instrument will prove to be a useful adjunct to existing cognitive screens in clinical practice, due to its excellent psychometric properties, and lack of dependency on language skills.

Cognitive Function and Mortality in a Community-based Elderly Cohort of First-ever Stroke Survivors and Control Subjects

“…19 The prevalence of dementia was calculated as the proportion of the group who had the characteristic at a given point in time. The incidence of new cases of dementia was calculated by dividing new cases by the person-time-at risk throughout the observation period.…”

“…The WCFST is a brief nonverbal global test of global cognitive function and executive function that has recently been validated in a stroke population. 19 The diagnosis of cognitive impairment that did not reach dementia, referred to as cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND), was based on neuropsychological assessment, clinical examination, review of clinical records, and clinical consensus. In the control group, the concept of CIND was also applied to those in whom cognitive impairment was evident, based on similar case ascertainment methods described for the stroke survivors.…”

Mild Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Moderate to Severe Chronic Plaque Psoriasis

“…Cognitive functions were assessed by the battery of mental deterioration by Carlesimo et al [19] that was implemented with other tests [20,21,22,23,24,25,26]. The tests were administered twice to each subject by the same and experienced neuropsychologist.…”

“…The battery of mental deterioration was implemented with other tests including Digit Span, Semantic Fluency and Attention Matrices Tests, Trail Making Test A and B, Frontal Assessment Battery, Tower of London, Weigl's Sorting Test [20,21,22,23,24,25]. Verbal and spatial memory, language, frontal functions (planning abilities, shifting and verbal retrieval strategy), visual-constructional ability, construction praxis and logical reasoning were explored.…”

“…Verbal and spatial memory, language, frontal functions (planning abilities, shifting and verbal retrieval strategy), visual-constructional ability, construction praxis and logical reasoning were explored. The score of each subject was then adjusted for age and level of education and compared to the range of normality [19,20,21,22,23,24,25]. The internationally accepted criteria for the diagnosis of MCI were (1) subjective complaint of a memory (or other cognitive) deficit, confirmed by a relative or caregiver, (2) pathological performance on neuropsychological tests investigating a single or multiple cognitive domains, (3) normal performance of daily living activities measured with ad hoc scales and (4) no dementia [26].…”