The weights of the brain and of its parts and the weight and length of the spinal cord in the adult male guinea pig

Latimer, Homer B.

doi:10.1002/cne.900930104

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Their data for 62 species of myomorph rodents scatter in the neighborhood of 1/3 and converge 21 toward that value as sample size is increased: the weighted mean slope was 0.341. The data of Latimer [1942] on 162 male and 159 female domestic dogs yielded brain weight/ body weight slopes of 0.318 and 0.317. respectively. Lande [1979] pul the species slope at 0.36, the slope also calcu lated for random genetic drift in Mus domesticus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Size/Body Length Relations Among Myomorph Rodents

Towe

Mann²

1992

Brain Behav Evol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The relation between cranial volume and body length was examined in 45 species of myomorph rodents to determine how accurately the former can be estimated from the latter. On average within species, cranial capacity was directly proportional to body length (proportional to the cube root of body weight). On average across species, cranial capacity was directly proportional to the square of body length (proportional to the two-thirds power of body weight). Geometric similarity held within species, but the differences in habitus among species within the same genus generated genus slopes that differed from those defined by strict geometric similarity. It was found that cranial capacity could be estimated as accurately from body length as from body weight, and that body length was better if any differences in habitus were involved (because body length is relatively insensitive to habitus). Therefore, body length (or some strong correlate thereof) may serve well as the primary variable in brain paleoallometry.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Size/Body Length Relations Among Myomorph Rodents

Towe

Mann²

1992

Brain Behav Evol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Because man, the sapient, did not come out at the top, it is not surprising that man, the vainglorious and the arrogant, has been searching ever since for a variety of strange indices that would place him unequivocally and unassailably on the highest branch of the tree of life. For example, when the length of the hypothalamus is expressed as a fraction of that of the cerebrum, man has the lowest fraction, and so comes out on top (Kunnner 1961); when the weight of the spinal cord is expressed as a fraction of the brain weight, man has the lowest fraction, and so conies out on top (Latimer 1950; Krompecher and Lipak 1966); when the cranial capacity is related to the area of >J( .06 Cobb 1965) Tamarin (Leontocebus) 1 : 19 100.000 the foramen magnum, man has the highest value, and still ends up on top (Radinsky 1967)! All the indices I have cited have a certain though limited usefulness when comparisons are made between one species and another.…”

Section: Brain Size and Body Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

The brain in hominid evolution

Tobias¹

1971

354

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Witwatersrand University, labeled 260 c.c. (for the half-volume). A cast of this reconstructed endocast was presented by Dart to University College, London, where Zuckerman (1928) determined the volume of the total endocast to be 500 c.c. Dart's (1929) paper cited no figure for the capacity. Keith stated that he had made "an exact model of half the brain" in plasticine. It measured 225 c.c, giving 450 c.c. for the whole as "a minimum size." Nevertheless, he was prepared to take 500 c.c. as "an impartial estimate," and, in addition, he used the figure of 500 c.c. in computing the "adult size" for Taung (Keith 1931, pp. 61-65). Two decades after the first publication Schepers (1946) attempted further reconstructions and reported that they "gave results which varied but little from this figure (500 c.c.)," which he stated, not quite precisely, was that earlier claimed for it by Dart. As mentioned above, Dart's original claim was 520 c.c. In fact, Schepers used the figure of 500 c.c. in his text (p. 238) and of 520 c.c. in his Table 1 (p. 242). Le Gros Clark in 1947 stated that "Zuckerman's estimate of 500 c.c. is sufficiently close [to Dart's original estimate] to be taken as confirmatory" (Le Gros Clark 1947, p. 313). Still later, Le Gros Clark (1964, p. 133) described the capacity as "rather more than 500 c.c." On the basis of these estimates by Dart, Zuckerman, Schepers, and Le Gros Clark, I have cited 500 to 520 c.c. for the volume in my tables of estimates of australopithecine cranial capacities (Tobias 1963, 1967a). Working in our Anatomy Department, Dr. R. L. Holloway, Jr. has recently reopened the question of the cranial capacity of the Taung child, and his new provisional reconstruction gives a smaller value.* With estimates ranging on either side of 500 c.c, it would seem to be safest, for the time being, to accept 500 c.c as an approximation of the cranial capacity of the Taung child. The problem now arises of what cranial capacity the Taung individual would have attained had he lived to adulthood. Dart was keenly aware of • Since the James Arthur Lecture was delivered, Holloway (1970b) has published his new estimate for the endocranial capacity of the Taung child. Based on new reconstructions made by him in the Anatomy Department in 1969, he has arrived at a figure of 405 c.c, the mean of the capacities of his 2 most accurate reconstructions. This figure is well below the figure of 500 to 520 c.c. accepted by most workers up to the present but is closer to Sir Arthur Keith's original rough estimate of "less than 450 c.c." When Holloway s estimate of 405 c.c. is corrected for the juvenile age of the Taung child, he obtains an adult estimate of 440 c.c, exactly 100 c.c. less than the latest adult estimate based on the old reconstruction.

show abstract

“…In particular, secular trends in spinal dimensions and pathology were reported (Henneberg and Henneberg, 1999;Hukuda et al, 2000;Jankauskas, 1994;Rothschild and Rothschild, 1996;Rü hli, 2003;Rü hli and Henneberg, 2004;Rü hli et al, 2002;Stefko, 1926;Tatarek, 2001). Spinal measures, including spinal cord dimensions, were also assessed with a special focus on their size in relation to body or brain size (Elliott, 1945;Latimer, 1950;MacLarnon, 1996b; …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human osseous intervertebral foramen width

Rühli¹,

Müntener²,

Henneberg³

2005

American J Phys Anthropol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alterations of the width of the human intervertebral foramen can play a pathophysiological role in low back pain. Osseous dimensions of the human intervertebral foramen are rarely recorded. Therefore, we present reference data obtained from skeletal samples of known lifestyle, population affinity, sex, and age at death. Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae of functional transition zones of 71 macroscopically normal spines from early 19th century AD Swiss burial sites were selected. The intervertebral foramen widths (IFW) were analyzed with respect to possible lateralization and the impact of sex, individual age, and stature. Neither a significant side difference nor a correlation of IFW with individual age or stature could be found. Females show somewhat larger IFW than males, especially in the lumbar region. Data comparisons with earlier studies are limited due to methodological differences and possible interpopulational variations. Furthermore, the osseous intervertebral foramen only reveals a glimpse of the clinically relevant in vivo structure. Nevertheless, more focus on the osseous dimensions of the intervertebral foramen will provide baseline data of this important anatomical landmark. These data could also explore the peculiarities of the intervertebral foramen, such as its reverse sex dimorphism.

show abstract

The weights of the brain and of its parts and the weight and length of the spinal cord in the adult male guinea pig

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Brain Size/Body Length Relations Among Myomorph Rodents

Brain Size/Body Length Relations Among Myomorph Rodents

The brain in hominid evolution

Human osseous intervertebral foramen width

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About