The weak interfaces within tough natural composites: Experiments on three types of nacre

Dastjerdi, Ahmad Khayer; Rabiei, Reza; Barthelat, François

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.09.004

Cited by 89 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…According to Bajaj and Arola [8], the toughness solely generated by bridging ligaments develop by the enamel proteins is near 0.10 MPa•m 0.5 , which is approximately 10% of the intrinsic toughness of enamel. Similarly, estimates for the toughness of proteins active at the interface of mineral platelets in nacre result in values of between 1 to 10 J/m 2 [12, 72], which are also very low. The comparatively low toughness of the interface guides the crack to more complex micro structural regions that achieve crack arrest via additional toughening mechanisms [72].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, estimates for the toughness of proteins active at the interface of mineral platelets in nacre result in values of between 1 to 10 J/m 2 [12, 72], which are also very low. The comparatively low toughness of the interface guides the crack to more complex micro structural regions that achieve crack arrest via additional toughening mechanisms [72]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of organic proteins on the crack growth resistance of human enamel

Yahyazadehfar

Arola

2015

Acta Biomaterialia

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With only 1% protein by weight, tooth enamel is the most highly mineralized tissue in mammals. The focus of this study was to evaluate contributions of the proteins on the fracture resistance of this unique structural material. Sections of enamel were obtained from the cusps of human molars and the crack growth resistance was quantified using a conventional fracture mechanics approach with complementary finite element analysis. In selected specimens the proteins were extracted using a potassium hydroxide treatment. Removal of the proteins resulted in approximately 40% decrease in the fracture toughness with respect to the fully proteinized control. The loss of organic content was most detrimental to the extrinsic toughening mechanisms, causing over 80% reduction in their contribution to the total energy to fracture. This degradation occurred by embrittlement of the unbroken bridging ligaments and consequent reduction in the crack closure stress. Although the organic content of tooth enamel is very small, it is essential to crack growth toughening by facilitating the formation of unbroken ligaments and in fortifying their potency. Replicating functions of the organic content will be critical to the successful development of bio-inspired materials that are designed for fracture resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of organic proteins on the crack growth resistance of human enamel

Yahyazadehfar

Arola

2015

Acta Biomaterialia

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“…In these materials, crack deflection is used 15 to promote the formation of hierarchical pull-out geometries and achieve higher toughness [11,12,13,14,15,16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The insights from modelling and experimental results in CFRP [1,2,7,22,23], and the example from natural composites [13,14,15,16,8,9,10,12] indicate that there is a potential for CFRPs with an engineered hierarchical micro-structure to overcome the classical dichotomy between strength/stiffness and translaminar 25 toughness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering the translaminar fracture behaviour of thin-ply composites

Bullegas

Pinho

Pimenta

2016

Composites Science and Technology

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Bio-inspired patterns of micro-cuts perpendicular to the fibre direction in thin-ply CFRP laminates have been used to increase the translaminar fracture toughness of the material. An analytical model to predict the probability of bundle pull-out during translaminar crack propagation was developed and validated through an experimental parametric study. The model was used to design three hierarchical patterns of micro-cuts and the patterns have been tested using Compact Tension specimens. The increase in fracture toughness for the three patterns was +15%, +60% and +214% when compared with the baseline material, thereby demonstrating the potential of engineering the fracture surface in CFRPs through well-designed patterns of micro-cuts to improve the damage tolerance of the material.

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“…1b) propagate along the interfaces, circumventing the microscopic tablets and generating tortuous path, which dissipate more energy. The ability to guide and deflect cracks is fundamental to the performance of these materials, and it is only possible if the interfaces are weaker than the building blocks themselves 20,21 . The presence of weak interfaces may be perceived as detrimental to the performance of the material, but in fact it enables powerful toughening mechanisms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Overcoming the brittleness of glass through bio-inspiration and micro-architecture

2014

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Highly mineralized natural materials such as teeth or mollusk shells boast unusual combinations of stiffness, strength and toughness currently unmatched by engineering materials. While high mineral contents provide stiffness and hardness, these materials also contain weaker interfaces with intricate architectures, which can channel propagating cracks into toughening configurations. Here we report the implementation of these features into glass, using a laser engraving technique. Three-dimensional arrays of laser-generated microcracks can deflect and guide larger incoming cracks, following the concept of 'stamp holes'. Jigsawlike interfaces, infiltrated with polyurethane, furthermore channel cracks into interlocking configurations and pullout mechanisms, significantly enhancing energy dissipation and toughness. Compared with standard glass, which has no microstructure and is brittle, our bioinspired glass displays built-in mechanisms that make it more deformable and 200 times tougher. This bio-inspired approach, based on carefully architectured interfaces, provides a new pathway to toughening glasses, ceramics or other hard and brittle materials.

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The weak interfaces within tough natural composites: Experiments on three types of nacre

Cited by 89 publications

References 52 publications

The role of organic proteins on the crack growth resistance of human enamel

The role of organic proteins on the crack growth resistance of human enamel

Engineering the translaminar fracture behaviour of thin-ply composites

Overcoming the brittleness of glass through bio-inspiration and micro-architecture

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