The way to a man's heart: how the Soviet travel agency ‘Sputnik’ struggled to feed Western tourists

Kozovoï, Andreï

doi:10.1080/1755182x.2014.956809

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…It has been estimated that in the 1960s some 95% of Finns traveling to the USSR participated in planned, standardized tourist packages, programs and sightseeing (Kostiainen, 1998, p. 47;Kostiainen, 1999, p. 34). The most important tourist offices in the USSR were Intourist (founded in 1929) and Sputnik (founded in 1958) (Kozovoi, 2014;Orlov, 2014, pp. 14-15).…”

Section: Temporal Value Of Petsamomentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory politics in transition: Nostalgia tours and gilded memories of Petsamo

Lähteenmäki

Colpaert

2020

matk

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The paper examines politics of memory related to the Arctic Finnish-Russian-Norwegian borderland, Petsamo-Pechenga. How it has been remembered, shared and interpreted after the Second World War by refugees from Finnish Petsamo and their offspring, on the one hand, and Finnish public writing, on the other hand? Which means have been used to revitalize their collective and personal narratives and construct the geohistorical space of Petsamo? During the Second World War, Petsamo was the focus of the Arctic conflict, and at the end of the war, Finland lost the region to the Soviet Union. Our source material comprises 521 articles, which we analyzed using qualitative and text mining methods. We conclude that compared with the other war refugee communities in Finland, Petsamo is peripheral to Finnish public post-war memory politics and nostalgia tourism. This is for several reasons: the fact that people from Petsamo constituted a minority among the Finnish evacuees (5200 of 420,000) and were subdivided into two groups (Finns and Skolt Sami people), the devastated and polluted environment, militarization and closeness of Russian Pechenga until the 1990s. The politics of memory about Petsamo – such as nostalgia tourism, written memories, monuments, intergenerational experiences of landscape and history books – can be seen as a manifestation of collective sorrow for a lost homeland, both as individual therapeutic surrender and creating a special emotional community of ex-Petsamo people.

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Section: Temporal Value Of Petsamomentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory politics in transition: Nostalgia tours and gilded memories of Petsamo

Lähteenmäki

Colpaert

2020

matk

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“…36 The Soviet regime also sought to attract tourists through its 'Sputnik' travel program, launched in 1958, which hosted primarily foreign youth for propagandist purposes. 37 By the 1960s, the ideological and political role of tourism had thus become internationally recognized.…”

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confidence: 99%

Old World Homecomings: Campaigns of Ancestral Tourism and Cultural Diplomacy, 1945–66

Hjorthén

2021

Journal of Contemporary History

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This article examines the history of ancestral tourism and its development as a form of cultural diplomacy between 1945 and 1966. The phenomenon often referred to as ‘roots tourism’ has during the last decades increased in popularity, especially in Old World countries that historically have sent large numbers of people to North America. While previous scholarship has focused on its existential dimensions and its relation to the twenty-first century tourism and heritage economies, this article looks at how ancestral tourism grew out of European attempts at expanding the tourism industry after 1945. It studies the international spread of ‘person-to-person’ programs that sought to turn travelers into ‘ambassadors’, and the subsequent transformation of such initiatives into ‘homecoming’ campaigns through notions of co-descent, targeting Americans of European descent. By exploring the case of the 1966 Homecoming Year campaign in Sweden, the article shows that the attraction of ancestral tourism was grounded in its ability to combine economic and political incentives articulated in the Marshall Plan. It developed out of a liberal-democratic ideology that vested individual travelers with diplomatic agency. In the process, European tourist agencies calcified the notion that ancestral tourism served not only individual experiences, but also national economies and international relations.

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Act of 1981 �on the Legal Status of Foreign Citizens in the Ussr�: Basic Provisions and Application

Siromska¹

2020

SLS

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The article considers the peculiarities of the legal status of foreign citizens in the Soviet Union as a result of legislative changes in the early 1980s. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main provisions and features of the application �On the Legal Status of Foreign Citizens in the USSR� Act of 1981. The research methodology is defined by an interdisciplinary approach (history, law) and is based on general scientific and special scientific methods, first of all, retrospection and legal analysis. The study result that the adoption of the �On the Legal Status of Foreign Citizens in the USSR� Act in 1981 was, among other things, due to the need to regulate the main aspects of the stay of foreign tourists in the Soviet Union as there was a formal principle that foreigners enjoyed the same rights and freedoms and had the same responsibilities as Soviet citizens, unless otherwise provided by current legislation. Due to this provision, foreigners were endowed with a fairly wide range of socio-economic and personal rights and freedoms, as well as certain political rights and freedoms. At the same time, the use of rights and freedoms by foreign citizens and stateless persons in the USSR should not have harmed the interests of Soviet society and the state, the rights and legitimate interests of the citizens of the USSR. The conclusions emphasize that the legal status of foreigners in the USSR was based on the following principles: 1) foreign citizens in the Soviet Union could claim the same rights and freedoms and bear the same obligations as citizens of the USSR; 2) foreigners were treated as equal before the law, regardless of the origin, social and property status, race and nationality, sex, education, language, etc.; 3) certain special restrictions were allowed in respect of citizens of those states in respect of which there were restrictions; 4) the enjoyment of rights and freedoms by foreign citizens in the USSR shouldn�t have harmed the �interests of Soviet society�. At the same time, the formally guaranteed rights of foreigners were not always realized in practice due to the peculiarities of the political regime in the country.

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The way to a man's heart: how the Soviet travel agency ‘Sputnik’ struggled to feed Western tourists

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Memory politics in transition: Nostalgia tours and gilded memories of Petsamo

Memory politics in transition: Nostalgia tours and gilded memories of Petsamo

Old World Homecomings: Campaigns of Ancestral Tourism and Cultural Diplomacy, 1945–66

Act of 1981 �on the Legal Status of Foreign Citizens in the Ussr�: Basic Provisions and Application

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