The Wave Length Effect Upon Erythemal and Carcinogenic Response in Psoralen Treated Mice11From the Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute and the Departments of Biochemistry and Dermatology, Baylor University College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Supported by grants from the Robert A. Welch Foundation, Humble Oil and Refining Company and the National Cancer Institute (NCI 2620), U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.

Griffin, A. Clark; Hakim, R.E.; Knox, John M.

doi:10.1038/jid.1958.122

Cited by 107 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The biological mechanism underlying the association between citrus juice intake and NMSC risk is likely related to the photoactivation of furocoumarins and the resulting damage to DNA. Furocoumarins are carcinogenic compounds [ 10 , 28 ] and are known to induce skin tumors in animals when combined with UV radiation [ 11 , 14 , 28 ]. First, furocoumarins bind to the pyrimidine base of DNA via weak bonding (hydrogen bonding and Van der Waal’s attractions) [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…UV light exposure has long been recognized as a major environmental factor for skin cancer pathology [ 9 ]. In the presence of UV radiation, naturally occurring photoactive compounds, called furocoumarins, have also been known to increase skin cancer risk [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Psoralen and ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy, which uses orally or topically applied psoralen—a furocoumarin congener—in conjunction with UVA radiation to treat skin diseases, such as psoriasis, is well-known to increase the risk of skin cancer if used long term [ 13 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Citrus Consumption and the Risk of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer in the Women’s Health Initiative

Sakaki

Melough

Roberts³

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Evidence from animal studies suggests that furocoumarins, compounds present in citrus products, can increase the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) when combined with ultraviolet radiation. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between citrus intake and NMSC risk among postmenopausal women from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Observational Study, who were aged 50–79 years at enrollment (1993–1998). The consumption of citrus fruit, citrus juice, and non-citrus fruit and juice were measured at the baseline of the study using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). NMSC cases (basal or squamous cell carcinomas) were self-reported during annual follow-up surveys. The outcome data used for this analysis were collected through March 2020. The relative risk (RR) for incident NMSC by citrus consumption was calculated. Among 49,007 non-Hispanic white participants, there were 8642 cases of incident NMSC. Using less than one serving of citrus juice per week as reference, the RRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for incident NMSC by citrus juice intake were 1.03 (0.95, 1.10) for one serving/week, 1.06 (1.00, 1.12) for two to four servings/week, 0.98 (0.90, 1.07) for five to six servings/week, and 1.08 (1.02, 1.13) for one or more serving/day (p-trend = 0.007). Subgroup analyses did not reveal meaningful associations by sun exposure variables. In conclusion, there were indications of a slightly higher risk of incident NMSC among citrus juice consumers; however, further longitudinal and mechanistic studies are needed to confirm the key risk factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citrus Consumption and the Risk of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer in the Women’s Health Initiative

Sakaki

Melough

Roberts³

et al. 2021

Cancers

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“…The etiology of melanoma is multifactorial, involving environmental risk factors, genetic variants and the interactions between them. High citrus consumption is an environmental factor that has received increased attention in recent years due to citrus products' natural abundance of psoralen, a type of furocoumarin known to be photosensitizing and photocarcinogenic 7 in mice 8,9 and in humans 10,11 . Research to this end has yielded inconsistent findings, as results from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Health Professionals Follow‐Up Study (HPFS) 12 have demonstrated an overall positive association between citrus consumption and melanoma risk, and findings from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) 13 and the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) 14 have suggested positive associations between citrus consumption and melanoma risk among those who spent the most time outdoors in summer and those with the highest consumption of citrus fruit, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citrus‐Gene interaction and melanoma risk in the UK Biobank

Marley

Champion

et al. 2021

Intl Journal of Cancer

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High citrus consumption may increase melanoma risk; however, little is known about the biological mechanisms of this association, or whether it is modified by genetic variants. We conducted a genome-wide analysis of gene-citrus consumption interactions on melanoma risk among 1563 melanoma cases and 193 296 controls from the UK Biobank. Both the 2-degrees-of-freedom (df) joint test of genetic main effect and gene-environment (G-E) interaction and the standard 1-df G-E interaction test were performed. Three index SNPs (lowest P-value SNP among highly correlated variants [r 2 > .6]) were identified from among the 365 genome-wide significant 2-df test results (rs183783391 on chromosome 3 [MITF], rs869329 on chromosome 9 [MTAP] and rs11446223 on chromosome 16 [DEF8]). Although all three were statistically significant for the 2-df test (4.25eÀ08, 1.98eÀ10 and 4.93eÀ13, respectively), none showed evidence of interaction according to the 1-df test (P = .73, .24 and .12, respectively). Eight nonindex, 2-df test significant SNPs on chromosome 16 were significant (P < .05) according to the 1-df test, providing evidence of citrus-gene interaction. Seven of these SNPs were mapped to AFG3L1P (rs199600347, rs111822773, rs113178244, rs3803683, rs73283867, rs78800020, rs73283871), and one SNP was mapped to GAS8 (rs74583214). We identified several genetic loci that may elucidate the association between citrus consumption and melanoma risk. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

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“…Intraperitoneal injection or topical application of8-MOP fol1owed by exposure to UVA has been shown to initiate skin tumour formation in rodents, especially in albino strains (Griffin et al 1958, Griffin 1959, Urbach 1959, Forbes & Urbach 1975, Grube 1975. The yield of tumours is much less when the psoralen is mixed with the diet, and Langner et al (1977) failed to induce skin tumours in hairless albino mice when 8-MOP was administered by gavage.…”

Section: Potential Side Effects Mutaqenicity and Neoplastic Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochemotherapy in Psoriasis: A Review

Briffa

Warin

1979

J R Soc Med

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Cited by 107 publications

References 7 publications

Citrus Consumption and the Risk of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer in the Women’s Health Initiative

Citrus Consumption and the Risk of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer in the Women’s Health Initiative

Citrus‐Gene interaction and melanoma risk in the UK Biobank

Photochemotherapy in Psoriasis: A Review

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