The Watermark Benchmark for Underwater Acoustic Modulation Schemes

Walree, Paul van; Socheleau, François-Xavier; Otnes, Roald; Jenserud, Trond

doi:10.1109/joe.2017.2699078

Cited by 107 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…The simulation tests were performed using the Watermark simulator. It is a freely available benchmark for physical-layer schemes for underwater acoustic communications [18]. Its core is a replay channel simulator driven by at-sea measurements of the time-varying impulse response.…”

Section: Simulation Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Wide-Sense Stationarity of an Underwater Acoustic Channel Based on a Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence Probe Signal

Kochańska

2020

Applied Sciences

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The performances of Underwater Acoustic Communication (UAC) systems are strongly related to the specific propagation conditions of the underwater channel. Designing the physical layer of a reliable data transmission system requires a knowledge of channel characteristics in terms of the specific parameters of the stochastic model. The Wide-Sense Stationary Uncorrelated Scattering (WSSUS) assumption simplifies the stochastic description of the channel, and thus the estimation of its transmission parameters. However, shallow underwater channels may not meet the WSSUS assumption. This paper proposes a method for testing the Wide-Sense Stationary (WSS) part of the WSSUS feature of a UAC channel on the basis of the complex envelope of a received probe Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence (PRBS) signal. Two correlation coefficients are calculated that can be interpreted, together, as a measure that determines whether the channel is WSS or not. A similar wide-sense stationarity assessment can be performed on the basis of the Time-Varying Impulse Response (TVIR) of a UAC channel. However, the method proposed in this paper requires fewer computational operations in the receiver of a UAC system. PRBS signal transmission tests were conducted in the UAC channel simulator and in real conditions during an inland water experiment. The correlation coefficient values obtained using the method based on the envelope of a probe signal and the method of analysing the TVIR estimates are compared. The results are similar, and thus, it is possible to assess if the UAC channel can be modelled as a WSS stochastic process without the need for TVIR estimation.

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Section: Simulation Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The receiver was a bottom-mounted hydrophone (NOF1, NCS1) or a vertically suspended hydrophone array (BCH1). A more detailed description of Watermark channels can be found in [18]. Figure 2 shows the absolute values of exemplary impulse responses for each channel.…”

Section: Simulation Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Wide-Sense Stationarity of an Underwater Acoustic Channel Based on a Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence Probe Signal

Kochańska

2020

Applied Sciences

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“…However, there is no well-established stochastic channel model as an underwater counterpart to, e.g., the WINNER models for cellular radio communication due to the large variety of underwater acoustic channels [15]. Although channels based on measurement campaigns can be found, e.g., in the WATERMARK benchmark [16], we decided not to use them because the proposals in the competition should not be optimized to the channel data of one specific measurement campaign.…”

Section: Scenario: Underwater Sensor Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Channel Codes for Short Underwater Messages

Falk

Bauch

Nissen³

2020

Information

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Acoustic underwater communication is a challenging task. For a reliable transmission, not only good channel estimation and equalization, but also strong error correcting codes are needed. In this paper, we present the results of the coding competition “Wanted: Best channel codes for short underwater messages” as well as our own findings on the influence of the modulation alphabet size in the example of non-binary polar codes. Furthermore, the proposals of the competition are compared to other commonly used channel codes.

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“…In order to simulate a real experiment, we consider the Watermarkchannel [ 18 ] that implements a replayed channel simulator driven by at-sea measurements of the time-varying CIR. The Watermark channel is a realistic simulation tool including a direct-replay channel simulator and test channel document freely available to the UWAC community.…”

Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthogonal Chirp Division Multiplexing for Underwater Acoustic Communication

Bai

Bouvet²

2018

Sensors

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The objective of this study is to investigate a novel Underwater Acoustic Communication (UWAC) system based on a modulated chirp signal termed as Orthogonal Chirp Division Multiplexing (OCDM). Originating from the Fresnel transform, OCDM uses chirp signals to exploit the multipath diversity of the channel, achieving a good robustness against frequency fading, especially in the underloaded scenario where only a subset of the available waveforms is modulated. The implementation of the OCDM system for the UWAC scenario is described, and the performance results over an experimental water tank and realistic replayed underwater channel are compared against the traditional Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) transmission scheme.

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The Watermark Benchmark for Underwater Acoustic Modulation Schemes

Cited by 107 publications

References 28 publications

Assessment of Wide-Sense Stationarity of an Underwater Acoustic Channel Based on a Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence Probe Signal

Assessment of Wide-Sense Stationarity of an Underwater Acoustic Channel Based on a Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence Probe Signal

On Channel Codes for Short Underwater Messages

Orthogonal Chirp Division Multiplexing for Underwater Acoustic Communication

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