The Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) Scheme

Kent, Elizabeth C.; Ball, Gregory Ian; Berry, David I.; Fletcher, Jennifer K.; Hall, Alex; North, SG; Woodruff, Scott D.

doi:10.5270/oceanobs09.cwp.48

Cited by 36 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Another intriguing question is whether PBQC is still feasible if some secret is shared by authorized receiver and reference stations, instead of communicating all information through public channels. Very recently, Kent [26] has proposed a PBQC scheme that is claimed to be secure, provided that P and reference stations agree with a sequence of bits that cannot be obtained by cheaters. Besides, Malaney has also considered a protocol that entangled pairs are beforehand shared among P and reference stations [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecurity of position-based quantum-cryptography protocols against entanglement attacks

Lau

2011

Phys. Rev. A

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Recently, position-based quantum cryptography has been claimed to be unconditionally secure. On the contrary, here we show that the existing proposals for position-based quantum cryptography are, in fact, insecure if entanglement is shared among two adversaries. Specifically, we demonstrate how the adversaries can incorporate ideas of quantum teleportation and quantum secret sharing to compromise the security with certainty. The common flaw to all current protocols is that the Pauli operators always map a codeword to a codeword (up to an irrelevant overall phase). We propose a modified scheme lacking this property in which the same cheating strategy used to undermine the previous protocols can succeed with a rate at most 85%. We conjecture that the modified protocol is unconditionally secure and prove this to be true when the shared quantum resource between the adversaries is a two-or three-level system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecurity of position-based quantum-cryptography protocols against entanglement attacks

Lau

2011

Phys. Rev. A

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“…DNB imagery from two successive passes of Suomi NPP on 18 November 2013 are shown in Figure 1a [14]. While these data do not match the exact times of the satellite overpasses, they provide approximate locations of ships and offer a notional ground truth for ship identification.…”

Section: Tracking Ship Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day/Night Band for Arctic Ship Tracking and Fisheries Management

et al. 2015

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Maritime ships operating on-board illumination at night appear as point sources of light to highly sensitive low-light imagers on-board environmental satellites. Unlike city lights or lights from offshore gas platforms, whose locations remain stationary from one night to the next, lights from ships typically are ephemeral. Fishing boat lights are most prevalent near coastal cities and along the thermal gradients in the open ocean. Maritime commercial ships also operate lights that can be detected from space. Such observations have been made in a limited way via U.S. Department of Defense satellites since the late OPEN ACCESSRemote Sens. 2015, 7 972 1960s. However, the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite, which carries a new Day/Night Band (DNB) radiometer, offers a vastly improved ability for users to observe commercial shipping in remote areas such as the Arctic. Owing to S-NPP's polar orbit and the DNB's wide swath (~3040 km), the same location in Polar Regions can be observed for several successive passes via overlapping swaths-offering a limited ability to track ship motion. Here, we demonstrate the DNB's improved ability to monitor ships from space. Imagery from the DNB is compared with the heritage low-light sensor, the Operational Linescan System (OLS) on board the Defense Meteorological Support Program (DMSP) satellites, and is evaluated in the context of tracking individual ships in the Polar Regions under both moonlit and moonless conditions. In a statistical sense, we show how DNB observations of ship lights in the East China Sea can be correlated with seasonal fishing activity, while also revealing compelling structures related to regional fishery agreements established between various nations.

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“…The inclusion of meteorological observations from the WOD has also been helpful in this regard. Furthermore, all delayedmode VOS and VOS Climate (VOSClim) data from contributing maritime nations [22] are critical components for ICOADS. A planned modernization of the delayed-mode VOS system under JCOMM could lead to multiple benefits: increasing the quantity of full meteorological reports from ships [22], providing a secure environment for the handling of time-sensitive information such as ship identifiers, creating more accurate marine reference data and products, and potentially even better observational data as new quality control schemes are initiated [40].…”

Section: Future Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3]). Further information on the uses of ICOADS, including applications in calibration and validation of satellite data and model output, is given by [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to make in situ estimates over decadal time-scales, and with a wide spatial coverage, bulk parameterizations [10] are used with Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) reports that include the full complement of sea surface conditions, i.e. SST, air temperature, wind, humidity, cloud, and weather information [22]. The VOS observations from ICOADS and its predecessors have a long history of being used in such datasets (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Role of the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set in the Sustained Ocean Observing System

Worley¹,

Woodruff²,

Lubker³

et al. 2010

Proceedings of OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society

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The International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) is an archive of in situ marine surface observations and products, which has been developed over 25 years. The current Release 2.5 spans 1662-2007 and has preliminary monthly updates for 2008 onwards. ICOADS is a worldwide respected reference dataset, combining data from multiple sustained ocean observing systems. In this paper, the impact of ICOADS on associated advanced data products and research is reviewed, the improvements in data composition and coverage relative to the previous Release are illustrated, the positive influence and support from the international collaborators is described, the free and open access is recounted, and the future objectives and recommendations to the community are defined.

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The Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) Scheme

Cited by 36 publications

References 60 publications

Insecurity of position-based quantum-cryptography protocols against entanglement attacks

Insecurity of position-based quantum-cryptography protocols against entanglement attacks

Utilization of the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day/Night Band for Arctic Ship Tracking and Fisheries Management

The Role of the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set in the Sustained Ocean Observing System

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