The Vitamin D System in Humans and Mice: Similar but Not the Same

Marcinkowska, Ewa

doi:10.3390/reports3010001

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Both mice and humans use UV-exposure as a 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 source, but as mice are nocturnal, they have less opportunity to expose themselves to UV light. Additionally, both humans and mice use their diet as a source of vitamin D (53). Mutations in the Vdr or Cyp27b1 genes in mice result in phenotypes similar to those seen in humans with these mutations (54-57).…”

Section: Circulating Fgf23 Regulators 125-dihydroxyvitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upstream Regulators of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23

2021

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Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) has been described as an important regulator of mineral homeostasis, but has lately also been linked to iron deficiency, inflammation, and erythropoiesis. FGF23 is essential for the maintenance of phosphate homeostasis in the body and activating mutations in the gene itself or inactivating mutations in its upstream regulators can result in severe chronic hypophosphatemia, where an unbalanced mineral homeostasis often leads to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. FGF23 can be regulated by changes in transcriptional activity or by changes at the post-translational level. The balance between O-glycosylation and phosphorylation is an important determinant of how much active intact or inactive cleaved FGF23 will be released in the circulation. In the past years, it has become evident that iron deficiency and inflammation regulate FGF23 in a way that is not associated with its classical role in mineral metabolism. These conditions will not only result in an upregulation of FGF23 transcription, but also in increased cleavage, leaving the levels of active intact FGF23 unchanged. The exact mechanisms behind and function of this process are still unclear. However, a deeper understanding of FGF23 regulation in both the classical and non-classical way is important to develop better treatment options for diseases associated with disturbed FGF23 biology. In this review, we describe how the currently known upstream regulators of FGF23 change FGF23 transcription and affect its post-translational modifications at the molecular level.

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Section: Circulating Fgf23 Regulators 125-dihydroxyvitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upstream Regulators of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23

2021

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“…Perhaps the effects of vitamin D deficiency on the timing of human tooth initiation are dose‐dependent, causing either acceleration or deceleration depending on the severity of vitamin D deficiency. Either way, while dietary vitamin D level may alter dental developmental timing in humans, our data suggest that mouse dental developmental timing is less sensitive to vitamin D. This difference between Mus and Homo may be explained by differences between their two vitamin D systems (Marcinkowska, 2020). In humans, VDR is regulated by liganded VDR as well as by other nuclear receptors and their ligands (Marcinkowska, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…In humans, VDR is regulated by liganded VDR as well as by other nuclear receptors and their ligands (Marcinkowska, 2020). Mouse VDR is autoregulated by the presence of liganded VDR only (Marcinkowska, 2020; Zella et al, 2006). However, many studies (e.g., Bouillon et al, 2008; Chun et al, 2019; Demay, 2013; Zhang et al, 2007) have shown that vitamin D deficiency affects the development of murine bones and teeth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food texture and vitamin D influence mouse mandible form and molar roots

Van Ankum,

Majcher,

Dolovich

et al. 2023

The Anatomical Record

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Industrialization influenced several facets of lifestyle, including softer nutrient‐poor diets that contributed to vitamin D deficiency in post‐industrzialized populations, with concomitantly increased dental problems. Here we simulated a post‐industrialized diet in a mouse model to test the effects of diet texture and vitamin D level on mandible and third molar (M3) forms. Mice were raised on a soft diet with vitamin D (VitD) or without it (NoD), or on a hard diet with vitamin D. We hypothesized that a VitD/hard diet is optimal for normal mandible and tooth root form, as well as for timely M3 initiation. Subsets of adult NoD/soft and VitD/soft groups were bred to produce embryos that were micro‐computed tomography (μCT) scanned to stage M3 development. M3 stage did not differ between embryos from mothers fed VitD and NoD diets, indicating that vitamin D does not affect timing of M3 onset. Sacrificed adult mice were μCT‐scanned, their mandibles 3D‐landmarked and M3 roots were measured. Principal component (PC) analysis described the largest proportion of mandible shape variance (PC1, 30.1%) related to diet texture, and nominal shape variance (PC2, 13.8%) related to vitamin D. Mice fed a soft diet had shorter, relatively narrower, and somewhat differently shaped mandibles that recapitulated findings in human populations. ANOVA and other multivariate tests found significantly wider M3 roots and larger root canals in mice fed a soft diet, with vitamin D having little effect. Altogether our experiments using a mouse model contribute new insights about how a post‐industrial diet may influence human craniodental variation.

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“…This VDR gene is located on chromosome number 12 in humans, 15 in mouse. It interacts with other related nuclear receptors such PPAR-γ, RXR-α, and LXR-α and thyroid hormone receptor (TR) [15], [16]. The molecular weight of this protein is approximately 50 kDa [17].…”

Section: Vitamin D Receptor (Vdr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Target Genes in Dental Health

Shivakumar

Kalgeri

Santhekadur³

2022

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D is an important molecule which plays pivotal role in overall human health and metabolism. This vitamin acts as both vitamin as well as hormone, and thus, dual nature of this vitamin makes it as one of the important chemicals required for the overall health, harmonious growth, and development. Recently, this vitamin is gaining large attention in dentistry, and it is becoming master regulator of dental health. It is well studied that vitamin D plays major role in calcium absorption for bone and teeth mineralisation, it acts as odontogenic inducer of differentiation of human dental pulp cells and in tooth development. STUDY SELECTION, DATA, AND SOURCES: Vitamin D regulates various signalling pathways in dental network and plays a beneficial role. Synthesis of vitamin D takes place in multiple steps in human body. The natural form of vitamin D is fat soluble in nature and is produced in the skin from 7-dehydrocholesterol molecules. Natural Sunlight through its ultraviolet B (UVB) energy converts the precursor7-dehydrocholesterol molecules to vitamin D3. Advanced and unhealthy lifestyle of modern times has led to the deficiency of vitamin D and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Deficiency of vitamin D also leads to various dental problems including dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontal disease. In this short review, we are discussing the role of vitamin D and importance of its target genes in dental health. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Vitamin D has a major role in managing the oral health this article updates the clinician with the different genes which are responsible for the regulation of vitamin D in different tissues.

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The Vitamin D System in Humans and Mice: Similar but Not the Same

Cited by 10 publications

References 55 publications

Upstream Regulators of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23

Upstream Regulators of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23

Food texture and vitamin D influence mouse mandible form and molar roots

Vitamin D Target Genes in Dental Health

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