THE VISCOSITIES OF BINARY MIXTURES OF THE ASSOCIATED LIQUIDS, WATER, FORMIC ACID AND ACETIC ACID.<sup>1</sup>

Davis, P. B.; Jones, Harry C.

doi:10.1021/ja02170a021

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…As expected, the resulting model obtained by statistical software (Statgraphics) showed that k and a are both functions of F AA . Furthermore, it was proved that the k parameter followed a quadratic dependence on the F AA , which agrees with the quadratic relationship also reported in the literature between the viscosity of aqueous acetic acid solutions and the acid content, 41,42 attaining a maximum around 80% w/w of acetic acid. Conversely, the scaling factor was found to be directly proportional to F AA .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Resolving the Electrospinnability Zones and Diameter Prediction for the Electrospinning of the Gelatin/Water/Acetic Acid System

et al. 2014

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The development of suitable biomimetic scaffolds is a fundamental requirement of tissue engineering. Although electrospinning has emerged as an effective method for producing such scaffolds of nanometer-sized fibers, the influence of solution characteristics on the morphology of the resulting nanofibers depends on each polymer solution system. In this study, gelatin nanofibers and microfibers were prepared via electrospinning using mixtures of water and acetic acid at different ratios as solvents. The viscosities of gelatin solutions before electrospinning were analyzed and two different behaviors were found as a function of the solvent composition, taking into account classic models of polymer science. A power law relationship between viscosity and gelatin concentration was found for each solvent system, and an empirical model including the influence of acetic acid was obtained for aqueous systems. Moreover, a ternary diagram considering gelatin, water, and acetic acid mass fractions was constructed as a tool to establish the electrospinnability domains in terms of fiber occurrence and morphology. Also, the isodiametric curves were defined in the fibers region. Finally, in order to correlate the diameter of electrospun nanofibers and the electrospinnability zones, the Berry number was used. However, as its only allows the range of electrospinnability to be established for a fixed solvent composition, a new dimensionless parameter (Bemod) was suggested to take into account all the acetic acid aqueous solutions as a single solvent.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Resolving the Electrospinnability Zones and Diameter Prediction for the Electrospinning of the Gelatin/Water/Acetic Acid System

et al. 2014

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“…For example, dilution curves for acetic acid which have maxima or minima in the region of 0.5 mol fraction acid have been observed in low-frequency Raman spectra,8 carbon-13 chemical shift measurements,9 proton chemical shift measurements,10 hydrogen relaxation time measurements,11 and viscosity measurements. 12 The cause is in all probability changes in aggregation of Journal of the American Chemical Society / 98:10 / May the molecules in solution as has been postulated by several workers.13 Thus, the cyclic dimers present in neat acetic acid may, on initial dilution with water, form new species which could be linear dimers, hydrated dimers, acid water polymers, and so on, or mixtures of these. Formation of such aggregates can explain the initial changes on dilution and subsequent further breaking up of aggregates on continued dilution could well account for the maxima or minima in the curves.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Spin-lattice relaxation of the acetic acid carboxyl carbon

Gust¹,

Pearson²,

Armitage³

et al. 1976

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

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“…The dynamic viscosity of formic acid-water mixtures decreases approximately linearly as the water content of formic acid increases [15]. The thermal conductivity of formic acid is markedly higher than that of comparable liquids, because of its pronounced polarity.…”

Section: Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Formic Acid

Hietala¹,

Vuori²,

Johnsson³

et al. 2016

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

138

141

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical Properties 3. Chemical Properties 3.1. Stability 3.2. Carboxylic Acid Reactions 3.3. Other Reactions 4. Production 4.1. Methyl Formate Hydrolysis 4.1.1. Kemira ‐ Leonard Process 4.1.2. BASF Process 4.1.3. USSR Process 4.2. Production from Formates 4.2.1. Formates as Polyol Byproducts 4.2.2. Formates from Carbon Monoxide 4.3. Formic Acid from Carbon Dioxide 4.4. Formic Acid from Biomass 4.5. Other Processes 4.6. Recovery of Formic Acid 5. Environmental Protection 6. Quality Specifications 7. Chemical Analysis 8. Storage and Transportation 9. Legal Aspects 10. Uses 10.1. Biomass Preservation 10.1.1. Silage 10.1.2. Animal Biomass 10.2 Leather 10.3. Textile 10.4. Feed Additives 10.5. Pharmaceuticals and Food Additives 10.6. Other Uses 10.6.1. Rubber Coagulation 10.6.2. Gas desulfurization 10.6.3. Well acidifizers 10.6.4. Formic Acid as Source of Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide 10.6.5. Cleaning Agents 10.6.6. Solvent Use 11. Economic Aspects 12. Derivatives 12.1. Salts 12.1.1. Sodium Formate 12.1.2. Potassium Formate 12.1.3. Other Formate Salts 12.2. Esters 12.1.1. Methyl Formate 12.1.2. Ethyl Formate 12.2.3. Other Esters 12.3. Performic Acid 13. Toxicology and Occupational Health

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THE VISCOSITIES OF BINARY MIXTURES OF THE ASSOCIATED LIQUIDS, WATER, FORMIC ACID AND ACETIC ACID.¹

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Resolving the Electrospinnability Zones and Diameter Prediction for the Electrospinning of the Gelatin/Water/Acetic Acid System

Resolving the Electrospinnability Zones and Diameter Prediction for the Electrospinning of the Gelatin/Water/Acetic Acid System

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Spin-lattice relaxation of the acetic acid carboxyl carbon

Formic Acid

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THE VISCOSITIES OF BINARY MIXTURES OF THE ASSOCIATED LIQUIDS, WATER, FORMIC ACID AND ACETIC ACID.1

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Resolving the Electrospinnability Zones and Diameter Prediction for the Electrospinning of the Gelatin/Water/Acetic Acid System

Resolving the Electrospinnability Zones and Diameter Prediction for the Electrospinning of the Gelatin/Water/Acetic Acid System

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Spin-lattice relaxation of the acetic acid carboxyl carbon

Formic Acid

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THE VISCOSITIES OF BINARY MIXTURES OF THE ASSOCIATED LIQUIDS, WATER, FORMIC ACID AND ACETIC ACID.¹