The virology of waste water treatment

Grabow, W. O. K.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(68)90041-9

Cited by 43 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In an extensive review of the early literature, Grabow (2) found that the results of many studies indicated that most common pathogenic viruses are more resistant to chlorination than are E. coli. In a later study, Kott et al (5) reported that coliphages are similarly resistant to chlorination as polioviruses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of coliphage in potable water supplies

El-Abagy

Dutka

Kamel

et al. 1988

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Samples of drinking water from different sources in greater Cairo, Egypt, and bottled drinking water were tested for total coliform, fecal coliform, and coliphage populations. Of the 147 samples tested, 4 samples were positive for both total coliforms and coliphage, 65 samples were negative for total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and coliphage, and 78 samples were positive for coliphage and negative for total coliforms and fecal coliforms. The incidence of coliphage in these potable water supplies reflects the probability of human pathogenic virus survival in these waters also.

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confidence: 99%

Incidence of coliphage in potable water supplies

El-Abagy

Dutka

Kamel

et al. 1988

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…HAV antigen was detected by means of a solid-phase radioimmunoassay with monospecific human convalescent serum (7) and commercial reagents and equipment (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill.). Reovirus type 3 ("Lang" strain), the SA-11 simian rotavirus, and attenuated poliovirus type 2 (strain P712), as well as their 50o tissue culture infective dose enumeration in rolled tubes with Eagle minimal essential medium with Earle salt solution and incubation at 37°C, have been described previously (9,14,22). Primary vervet kidney cells were used for the former two viruses, and the BGM African green monkey kidney cell line was used for the poliovirus (14).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of hepatitis A virus and indicator organisms in water by free chlorine residuals

Grabow¹,

Gauss‐Müller²,

Prozesky³

et al. 1983

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and selected indicator organisms were mixed together in chlorine-demand-free buffers at pH 6, 8, or 10 and exposed to free chlorine residuals, and the survival kinetics of individual organisms were compared. HAV was enumerated by a most-probable-number dilution assay, using PLC/PRF/5 liver cells for propagation of the virus and radioimmunoassay for its detection. At all pH levels, HAV was more sensitive than Mycobacteriumfortuitum, coliphage Vl (representing a type of phage common in some sewage-polluted waters), and poliovirus type 2. Under certain conditions, HAV was more resistant than Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, coliphage MS2, and reovirus type 3. It was always more resistant than SA-11 rotavirus. Evidence is presented that conditions generally specified for the chlorine disinfection of drinking-water supplies will also successfully inactivate HAV and that HAV inactivation by free chlorine residuals can reliably be monitored by practical indicator systems consisting of appropriate combinations of suitable indicators such as coliform and acid-fast bacteria, coliphages, the standard plate count, and fecal streptococci.

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“…In fact, until recently infectious hepatitis was the only epidemiologically established waterborne viral disease (Grabow, 1968). Except in raw or partially treated wastewaters where their numbers may exceed 10,000 virus units per liter, large-volume sampling and subsequent concentration techniques are required.…”

Section: -4 Viruses Of Concern In Drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%