The Vihanti-Pyhäsalmi VMS Belt

Mäki, Timo; Imana, Marcello; Kousa, Jukka; Luukas, Jouni

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-410438-9.00020-0

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…1), a collage of distinct shear zones, where seven deposits with a reported mineral resource and more than ten occurrences have been discovered (e.g. Mäki et al 2015). About 100 Mt of ore has been mined from the Vihanti-Pyhäsalmi belt since 1954 (Mäki et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mäki et al 2015). About 100 Mt of ore has been mined from the Vihanti-Pyhäsalmi belt since 1954 (Mäki et al 2015). Despite several near surface discoveries, the RLSZ can nevertheless be considered underexplored at depth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the Paleoproterozoic VMS deposits in Finland and elsewhere have been affected by deformation and regional metamorphism, resulting in recrystallisation of the original alteration minerals to variable metamorphic assemblages (e.g. Roberts et al 2004;Latvalahti 1979;Mäki et al 2015;Barrett et al 2005;Caté 2016;Kampmann et al 2017;Hollis et al 2018). This often leads to complex classification of metamorphic mineral assemblages and difficulties in discriminating between lithological units.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Author's opinion is that these methods have not been utilised widely enough in brownfield or greenfield VMS exploration in Finland. Lithogeochemistry, especially the use of chemostratigraphy and mobile-element geochemistry, has mainly been applied in the Vihanti-Pyhäsalmi belt, in Central Finland (Mäki 1986;Roberts et al 2004;Imaña et al 2013;Mäki et al 2015). The study of mobile element ratios and concentrations related to the proximal zone of the Pyhäsalmi deposit (Mäki 1986) served as a successful exploration tool resulting in the discovery of Mullikkoräme VMS deposit in 1987, within the Vihanti-Pyhäsalmi belt (Mäki 1986;Mäki et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geology, alteration and lithogeochemistry of the Paleoproterozoic Korpela VMS occurrence in Eastern Finland

Hokka

2020

Miner Deposita

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Korpela is a Cu-Zn-Au VMS occurrence hosted by bimodal, sub-alkaline, volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks. It is part of a Svecofennian supracrustal sequence 1.93–1.91 Ga in age. In this study, lithogeochemical evidence is used to assess the VMS-prospectivity in the Korpela area to serve regional-scale exploration and provide detailed information on chemostratigraphy and hydrothermal alteration within the Korpela succession. Korpela is understood to have been formed in an evolved arc rift, possibly in a continental back-arc environment. The felsic rocks of the sequence are FII-FIIIa, HFSE-enriched (A-type) rhyolites overlain and, locally cross-cut, by mafic rocks with MORB/BABB signatures and felsic synvolcanic porphyry dykes. In the vicinity of Korpela, tonalitic subvolcanic intrusions intrude the supracrustal rocks which share textures common with local shallow VMS-related intrusion complexes. The Korpela area comprises a volcanic succession where primary volcanic textures are completely destroyed by multiple deformation, metamorphism and alteration. Using detailed volcanic chemostratigraphy established from downhole geochemical profiles, 12 chemostratigraphic units and 21 chemical rock types could be identified ranging from basalt to rhyolite. Several metamorphic mineral assemblages were identified which were further classified into six alteration types, i.e. Mg-Fe-S, K-Al-Fe-(± S), K-Al-Mg-Fe-S, K, Si-K-Ca-(± S) and Ca-(± Na), using a combination of mineralogy and geochemistry. The chemostratigraphy and alteration studies help in understanding the volcanic stratigraphy and in recognising a potential VMS-related alteration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geology, alteration and lithogeochemistry of the Paleoproterozoic Korpela VMS occurrence in Eastern Finland

Hokka

2020

Miner Deposita

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“…Regardless of its true economic value, Kiviniemi provides an interesting insight into behaviour of Sc during extreme fractional crystallisation of tholeiitic magma. Hokka describes lithology, alteration, alteration-related chemical changes, and chemostratigraphy related to a recent Cu-Zn-Au discovery in the SE extension of the main VMS belt extending across central Finland (Mäki et al 2015). This is also the first description of the Korpela deposit in the public domain.…”

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confidence: 96%

A thematic issue on current developments of economic geology research in Finland

2020

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Finland is in the centre of the Precambrian Fennoscandian shield (Fig. 1) with a geology similar to other mineral-rich shield areas of the world, such as Western Australia, South Africa and Canada, and has a long tradition in mining and related industries. Unlike many other parts of Europe, Finland currently has a large number of active metal mines and smelting capacities, and still has a major potential for new significant mineral discoveries (Weihed et al. 2005; Eilu 2012; Eilu et al. 2020). This thematic issue is another contribution to indicate the significant mineral potential of Finland and may also encourage work in other parts of Europe, which are largely (and surprisingly) under-explored. The acknowledged mineral potential of the Fennoscandian shield is reflected by the fact that, for a decade, Finland's share has been about 25% of all budgeted mineral exploration within the EU, and that of Sweden only slightly less. This figure distinctly describes how important mining and exploration companies see the Fennoscandian shield. This attractiveness is also shown by the annual reports of the Fraser Institute, where Finland has been in the global top ten countries with favourable mining jurisdiction for a decade; in 2019, Finland was seen as having the best policy climate for mining investment in the world (Stedman et al. 2020). The main targets in metal exploration and mine development projects in Finland have for a long time been Au, Co, Cu, Ni, PGEs, and Zn. The most recent additions to the actively explored commodities include the 'battery metals' (e.g. Co, Li, V, Ni, Cu) and graphite. The current ore geology research in Finland is focused on the refinement of exploration models,

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Mineralogical and surface chemical characterization of flotation feed and products after wet and dry grinding

Peltoniemi

Kallio

Tanhua

et al. 2020

Minerals Engineering

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The Vihanti-Pyhäsalmi VMS Belt

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Geology, alteration and lithogeochemistry of the Paleoproterozoic Korpela VMS occurrence in Eastern Finland

Geology, alteration and lithogeochemistry of the Paleoproterozoic Korpela VMS occurrence in Eastern Finland

A thematic issue on current developments of economic geology research in Finland

Mineralogical and surface chemical characterization of flotation feed and products after wet and dry grinding

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