The Victoria and Albert Museum Plaster Casts by the Nineteenth-Century Workshops of the Notre-Dame Cathedral: Scientific Analysis and Conservation

Abstract

Four nineteenth-century casts of the decoration on the north side of the exterior of the apse of the Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris are held in the plaster casts collection at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. The casts were manufactured by two different nineteenth-century workshops, one run by Jean Pouzadoux and the other by Auguste Malzieux. After an assessment of the condition of the casts, a scientific analysis allowed the characterization of the manufacturing materials and subsequent conservation treatments aimed at ensuring the stability of the casts and removing dirt and grime from the casts’ surfaces. Optical microscopy of the samples taken from the casts allowed the stratigraphy to be studied, which largely consisted of gypsum plaster and a coating layer (oxidized diterpenic resin or shellac) containing silicon and aluminium partially diffused in the porous substrate. These materials were identified by a range of techniques, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The conservation works returned stability to the panels for redisplay in the galleries and achieved a closer comparative study between the two workshops. The two sets of panels showed numerous differences in manufacturing processes that corresponded to their observed deterioration.

Cleaning testing of nineteenth-century plaster cast reconstructions with thin polyacrylamide-based surface attached gels

“…The reconstructed gypsum plaster plates were based on the materials characterized on 12 V&A plaster casts produced in the nineteenth century by the Küsthardt, Notre-Dame and Franchi workshops [20]. Multianalytical studies [21] characterised the materials and revealed the simple stratigraphy of the selected casts, made of gypsum plaster and coatings [20][21][22][23][24]. In line with historical treatises [25] organic coatings such as shellac resin, linseed oil, beeswax and inorganic coatings such barites were identi ed in the original casts [21].…”