The Vertical Migration of the Copepod Acartia Tonsa Under Controlled Illumination

Schallek, William

doi:10.2307/1537939

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, Shallek (1942Shallek ( , 1943 found that Acartia tonsa sank in light that is not highly directional, but moved toward a directional source of Light. Thus records of positlve phototaxis may be the result of using directional light sources, in some cases (see review by Forward 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosensitivity of the oceanic cope-pods Pleuromamma gracilis and Pleuromamma xiphias and its relationship to light penetration and daytime depth distribution

Buskey¹,

Baker²,

Smith³

et al. 1989

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The oceanlc copepods Pleuromamma gracdis and Pleuromamma xiphlas undergo d e l vertlcal migrations over hundreds of meters in the Sargasso Sea Near mldday during the April 1985 BIOWATT cruise the peak depth distribution of adult P g r a n h s was centered near 250m whlle the peak depth distribution of adult P xlphlas was centered near 450111 These depths have a daytime photic environment character~zed by very low hght lntensltles of narrow spectral composition Photosensihv~ty of each species was estimated by producing an actlon spectrum for phototaxis Peak sensibvlty of both species was to llght of 480nm with 50 % of P graalls showing n e g a t~v e phototaxis to hght of 1 4 X l O I 4 photons m-2 S -' , and 50 % of P xiphias showlng negahve phototans to light of 7 2 X 10" photons m-2 S-' By comparing underwater light intens~tles measured w t h a submersible spectiorad~orneter to daytlme depth distnbution of P gracjlis and P xiphias captured near mldday w~t h a h4OCNESS net system lt was found that the daytime depth distribution of both specles was considerably shallower than the depth at whlch the underwater hght lntensity matched thelr photosens~tivlty thresholds Daytime depth distnbut~on was significantly correlated wlth light Intensity, however with populations being deeper on days w~t h more hght penetration

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosensitivity of the oceanic cope-pods Pleuromamma gracilis and Pleuromamma xiphias and its relationship to light penetration and daytime depth distribution

Buskey¹,

Baker²,

Smith³

et al. 1989

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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show abstract

“…He speaks of the "trapping effect of a light source". For planktonic animals this kind of behaviour was demonstrated by SCHALLEK (1942SCHALLEK ( , 1943. On p. 120 (SCHALLEK, 1942) he states: "Some individuals, unable to get close enough to the light, hurl themselves time after time against the surface of the water".…”

Section: Previous Hypotheses On Diurnal Vertical Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For planktonic animals this kind of behaviour was demonstrated by SCHALLEK (1942SCHALLEK ( , 1943. On p. 120 (SCHALLEK, 1942) he states: "Some individuals, unable to get close enough to the light, hurl themselves time after time against the surface of the water". SCHALLEK was the first who recognized the importance of the light distribution and tried to adapt the distribution in the laboratory experiment to the normal conditions in nature.…”

Section: Previous Hypotheses On Diurnal Vertical Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The positively phototactic reaction of daphnia magna straus: A contribution to the understanding of diurnal vertical migration

Ringelberg

1964

Netherlands Journal of Sea Research

168

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“…However, he was unable to keep the light intensity constant throughout the incubation period of several hours, in part because of cloud cover and changing solar angle, in part because the jars were constantly rotated on a wheel immersed in the water bath. Also, no description was provided of the underwater angular light distribution (ALD), although this factor can affect copepod behavior (Schallek 1942(Schallek , 1943.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copepod grazing behavior in simulated natural light and its relation to nocturnal feeding

Stearns¹

1986

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

109

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To investigate the role of light in controlling copepod grazlng behavlor, feeding responses of adult female Acartia tonsa Dana were determined under light conditions similar to those in natural, subsurface waters. Measured feeding responses were then related to feeding behavior under similar light conditions in nature. Copepods were adapted to a range of light intensities before being offered food (Thalassiosira weissflogii, 0.5 mm3 1 -l ) . Thirty min later gut contents were measured by gut fluorescence of chlorophyll a and pheopigment a. The grazing index was inversely related to the light intensity at which the copepods were adapted. The most dramatic change in grazing occurred at light levels close to those found in the copepod's natural habitat during twilight. An endogenous nocturnal feeding rhythm was found in a separate experiment. A 96 h field study in the Newport River estuary, North Carolina, USA, revealed a nocturnal feeding pattern in A. tonsa and a negative correlation between feeding and light intensity during daylight hours. No significant correlations were found between copepod feeding and in situ concentrations of chlorophyll a, pheopigment a and combined pigments. These results challenge Gauld's (1953) hypothesis that nocturnal grazing results from nocturnal vertical migration into a food-rich layer; they offer a reasonable explanation of how light may time grazing. Results indicate that migration and feeding may be independent behaviors separately controlled by light cues.

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The Vertical Migration of the Copepod Acartia Tonsa Under Controlled Illumination

Cited by 30 publications

References 18 publications

Photosensitivity of the oceanic cope-pods Pleuromamma gracilis and Pleuromamma xiphias and its relationship to light penetration and daytime depth distribution

Photosensitivity of the oceanic cope-pods Pleuromamma gracilis and Pleuromamma xiphias and its relationship to light penetration and daytime depth distribution

The positively phototactic reaction of daphnia magna straus: A contribution to the understanding of diurnal vertical migration

Copepod grazing behavior in simulated natural light and its relation to nocturnal feeding

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