Photosensitivity of the oceanic cope-pods Pleuromamma gracilis and Pleuromamma xiphias and its relationship to light penetration and daytime depth distribution

Buskey, Edward J.; Baker, KS; Smith, R. C.; Swift, Elijah

doi:10.3354/meps055207

Cited by 43 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…A substantial ecological literature exists on Pleuromamma piseki and P. gracilis that relies on the existing morphological taxonomy, with detailed reports of their horizontal and vertical distributions [43], [44], spatial and temporal patterns of abundance [45], [50], population structure [76], trophic ecology [48], and physiological condition [51], among other topics [77]. Notably, relatively little ecological niche separation was observed between these two described species in a number of studies (e.g., [48]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Cryptic Diversity across the Global Range of the Migratory Planktonic Copepods Pleuromamma piseki and P. gracilis

2013

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Although holoplankton are ocean drifters and exhibit high dispersal potential, a number of studies on single species are finding highly divergent genetic clades. These cryptic species complexes are important to discover and describe, as identification of common marine species is fundamental to understanding ecosystem dynamics. Here we investigate the global diversity within Pleuromamma piseki and P. gracilis, two dominant members of the migratory zooplankton assemblage in subtropical and tropical waters worldwide. Using DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (mtCOII) from 522 specimens collected across the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans, we discover twelve well-resolved genetically distinct clades in this species complex (Bayesian posterior probabilities >0.7; 6.3–17% genetic divergence between clades). The morphologically described species P. piseki and P. gracilis did not form monophyletic groups, rather they were distributed throughout the phylogeny and sometimes co-occurred within well-resolved clades: this result suggests that morphological characters currently used for taxonomic identification of P. gracilis and P. piseki may be inaccurate as indicators of species’ boundaries. Cryptic clades within the species complex ranged from being common to rare, and from cosmopolitan to highly restricted in distribution across the global ocean. These novel lineages appear to be ecologically divergent, with distinct biogeographic distributions across varied pelagic habitats. We hypothesize that these mtDNA lineages are distinct species and suggest that resolving their systematic status is important, given the ecological significance of the genus Pleuromamma in subtropical-tropical waters worldwide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Cryptic Diversity across the Global Range of the Migratory Planktonic Copepods Pleuromamma piseki and P. gracilis

2013

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“…The jacket was covered with black paper except for view channels for the video cameras and illumination. The view channels were covered with red gelatin filter material (Wratten 25, Edmund Scientific) since copepods are known to be relatively insensitive to long wavelengths of light (Buskey et al 1989;Cohen and Forward 2002). An acrylic cover excluded light from above except for a rectangular window matching the aquarium profile that was covered with opal glass.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Escape strategies in co‐occurring calanoid copepods

Burdick

Hartline

Lenz

2007

Limnology & Oceanography

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We show how four co-occurring calanoid copepod species modulate their responses to two contrasting hydrodynamic stimuli. Species-specific patterns in escape behavior included quantitative differences in performance to each stimulus type. Using high-speed video, we compared escape reactions in Acartia hudsonica, Centropages hamatus, Tortanus discaudatus, and Temora longicornis. Responses to a flow field created by a suction tube involved reorientation away from the source of suction followed by a series of vigorous power strokes. Responses to brief computer-controlled hydrodynamic stimuli had short latencies (a few milliseconds) and consisted of a reorientation followed by a few pereiopod power strokes. Two species responded to this stimulus with higher escape speeds. The other two species gave a larger response to the suction stimulus by producing long escape trajectories. Each species perceived the magnitude of the threat in a different way and employed a different strategy in the escape response.

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“…Illumination is provided by an LED centered at 620–630 nm (Cree XP‐E2). Red light was selected in order to minimize avoidance behavior, as copepod photoreceptors are relatively insensitive to red wavelengths (Stearns and Forward ; Buskey et al ; Cohen and Forward ). The light is collimated via a 125 mm FL plano‐convex, 12.5 mm diameter lens, then reflected by a 45° mirror before passing through a 4.95‐cm‐diameter sapphire window (10 mm thick by 54 mm diameter) and across the sampling tunnel (Fig.…”

Section: Materials and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zooglider: An autonomous vehicle for optical and acoustic sensing of zooplankton

Ohman

Davis

Sherman

et al. 2018

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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We present the design and preliminary results from ocean deployments of Zooglider, a new autonomous zooplankton-sensing glider. Zooglider is a modified Spray glider that includes a low-power camera (Zoocam) with telecentric lens and a custom dual frequency Zonar (200 and 1000 kHz). The Zoocam quantifies zooplankton and marine snow as they flow through a defined volume inside a sampling tunnel. Images are acquired on average every 5 cm from a maximum operating depth of~400 m to the sea surface. Biofouling is mitigated using a dual approach: an ultraviolet light-emitting diode and a mechanical wiper. The Zonar permits differentiation of large and small acoustic backscatterers in larger volumes than can be sampled optically. Other sensors include a pumped conductivity, temperature, and depth unit and chlorophyll a fluorometer. Zooglider enables fully autonomous in situ measurements of mesozooplankton distributions, together with the three-dimensional orientation of organisms and marine snow in relation to other biotic and physical properties of the ocean water column. It is well suited to resolve thin layers and microscale ocean patchiness. Battery capacity supports 50 d of operations. Zooglider includes two-way communications via Iridium, permitting near-real-time transmission of data from each dive profile, as well as interactive instrument control from remote locations for adaptive sampling.

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Photosensitivity of the oceanic cope-pods Pleuromamma gracilis and Pleuromamma xiphias and its relationship to light penetration and daytime depth distribution

Cited by 43 publications

References 28 publications

High Cryptic Diversity across the Global Range of the Migratory Planktonic Copepods Pleuromamma piseki and P. gracilis

High Cryptic Diversity across the Global Range of the Migratory Planktonic Copepods Pleuromamma piseki and P. gracilis

Escape strategies in co‐occurring calanoid copepods

Zooglider: An autonomous vehicle for optical and acoustic sensing of zooplankton

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