The Ventriloscope® as an innovative tool for assessing clinical examination skills: Appraisal of a novel method of simulating auscultatory findings

Verma, Anju; Bhatt, Himanshu; Booton, Paul; Kneebone, Roger

doi:10.3109/0142159x.2011.579200

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Standardized patients, or human actors, are on the opposite end of the simulation spectrum. Standardized patients are typically professional actors or readily available students or volunteers trained to simulate a variety of medical problems in a 'consistent, reliable, realistic and reproducible manner' (Verma, Bhatt, Booten, & Kneebone, 2011). The use of human actors increases the realism of the training, particularly from the perspective of patient-caregiver interactions, and further immerses the learner into the feelings and emotion of the learning experience (*Dunbar-Reid, Sinclair, & Hudson, 2015;Verma et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid medical simulation – a systematic literature review

Brown

Tortorella

2020

Smart Learn. Environ.

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Health-care education based upon technology enabled mannequins (high-fidelity simulators) is a costly investment for colleges and universities. However, a hybrid model using wearable technology integrated with human actors (standardized patients) may present a cost-effective alternative to high fidelity simulation training scenarios. A systematic literature review of papers published from 1960 to 2019 illustrates that hybrid simulation can be as effective as high fidelity simulators in certain training scenarios while at the same time providing a superior training context to enhance learners patient to care-giver interactions and to better immerse the trainee in the feelings and emotion of the scenario.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid medical simulation – a systematic literature review

Brown

Tortorella

2020

Smart Learn. Environ.

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“…However, 20 studies did not select their control group randomly or had no control group at all ( Table 3 ) (37 studies tested face or content validity). 45 – 48 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…60 , 61 For other types of skills, such as patient examination, a lower validity level can be acceptable, because these skills are closer related to everyday use of psychomotor skills, and solely require a basic level of training on a simulator, which can be quickly adapted in a real-life situation. 45 , 46 Moreover, it requires less extensive methodology to determine face validity than to determine predictive validity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How valid are commercially available medical simulators?

Stunt¹,

Wulms²,

Kerkhoffs³

et al. 2014

AMEP

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BackgroundSince simulators offer important advantages, they are increasingly used in medical education and medical skills training that require physical actions. A wide variety of simulators have become commercially available. It is of high importance that evidence is provided that training on these simulators can actually improve clinical performance on live patients. Therefore, the aim of this review is to determine the availability of different types of simulators and the evidence of their validation, to offer insight regarding which simulators are suitable to use in the clinical setting as a training modality.SummaryFour hundred and thirty-three commercially available simulators were found, from which 405 (94%) were physical models. One hundred and thirty validation studies evaluated 35 (8%) commercially available medical simulators for levels of validity ranging from face to predictive validity. Solely simulators that are used for surgical skills training were validated for the highest validity level (predictive validity). Twenty-four (37%) simulators that give objective feedback had been validated. Studies that tested more powerful levels of validity (concurrent and predictive validity) were methodologically stronger than studies that tested more elementary levels of validity (face, content, and construct validity).ConclusionNinety-three point five percent of the commercially available simulators are not known to be tested for validity. Although the importance of (a high level of) validation depends on the difficulty level of skills training and possible consequences when skills are insufficient, it is advisable for medical professionals, trainees, medical educators, and companies who manufacture medical simulators to critically judge the available medical simulators for proper validation. This way adequate, safe, and affordable medical psychomotor skills training can be achieved.

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“…Electronic stethoscopes have been developed, allowing a range of auscultatory findings to be heard when applied to a patient. One such device, the Ventriloscope, has been shown to enhance the validity of an OSCE setting 8,9 …”

Section: Equipment Used In Combination With a Standardised Patientmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One such device, the Ventriloscope, has been shown to enhance the validity of an OSCE setting. 8,9 ENVIRONMENT…”

Section: Other Innovationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keeping it real! Enhancing realism in standardised patient OSCE stations

Gormley¹,

Sterling²,

Menary³

et al. 2012

The Clinical Teacher

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Summary Background: Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) are a commonly used method of assessing clinical competency in health care education. They can provide an opportunity to observe candidates interacting with patients. There are many challenges in using real patients in OSCEs, and increasingly standardised patients are being used as a preference. However, by using standardised patients there is a risk of making the encounter artificial and removed from actual clinical practice. Context: Efforts made in terms of cognitive, auditory, visual, tactile, psychological and emotional cues can minimise the differences between a simulated and real clinical scenario. However, a number of factors, including feasibility, cost and usability, need to be considered if such techniques are to be practicable within an OSCE framework. Innovation: This article describes a series of techniques that have been used in our institution to enhance the realism of a standardised patient encounter in an OSCE. Efforts in preparing standardised patient roles, and how they portray these roles, will be considered. A wide variety of equipment can also be used in combination with a patient and the surrounding environment, which can further enhance the authenticity of the simulated scenario. Implications: By enhancing the realism in simulated patient OSCE encounters, there is potential to trigger more authentic conscious responses from candidates and implicit reactions that the candidates themselves may be less aware of. Furthermore, using such techniques may allow faculty members to select scenarios that were previously not thought possible in an OSCE.

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The Ventriloscope® as an innovative tool for assessing clinical examination skills: Appraisal of a novel method of simulating auscultatory findings

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Hybrid medical simulation – a systematic literature review

Hybrid medical simulation – a systematic literature review

How valid are commercially available medical simulators?

Keeping it real! Enhancing realism in standardised patient OSCE stations

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