The venous manifestations of pulse wave encephalopathy: windkessel dysfunction in normal aging and senile dementia

Abstract

Normal aging, SDAT and VaD are associated with alterations in venous pulsation due to a breakdown of the windkessel effect.

Dampening of Blood-Flow Pulsatility along the Carotid Siphon: Does Form Follow Function?

“…[28][29][30] Another example is a recent study by Bateman et al, 31 which showed that early vascular dementia is characterized by increased blood flow pulsation.…”

Effect of infusion tests on the dynamical properties of intracranial pressure in hydrocephalus

“…This mechanism involves a progressive dampening of arterial pulsations, mostly through the CSF, in order to reach the capillary bed of the brain as a nonpulsatile flow [45,46]. In normal cerebral blood flow this occurs as a consequence of a close coupling between CSF oscillations and arterial pulsations, which leads to a resonance state [46].…”

Measuring Pulsatile Flow in Cerebral Arteries Using 4D Phase-Contrast MR Imaging

“…This was performed by subtracting the net flow from the flow waveform and then calculating the cumulative integral over the remaining waveform (Fig 3). The difference between the maximum and minimum of this volume variation was defined as ⌬V [4][5][6] and corresponds to the cyclic distention of downstream arteries required to convert the pulsatile arterial flow to a nonpulsatile capillary flow. Mathematically, this can be expressed as:…”

“…Therefore, this measure is sensitive to the balance of factors such as downstream and upstream arterial compliance and cardiac stroke volume and thus provides a mechanically relevant alternative for analyzing vascular pulsatility. 6 Traditionally, intracranial vascular pulsatility is estimated by use of Doppler sonography techniques 1 or 2D PCMRI scans. 4 These methods are associated with laborious workflows and rely on a trained neurovascular imager to make skillful interpretations and vessel localizations during the acquisition.…”