The venom of Bothrops asper from Guatemala: toxic activities and neutralization by antivenoms

Saravia, Patricia; Rojas, Ermila; Escalante, Teresa; Arce, Vilma; Chaves, Esteban; Velásquez, Rubén; Lomonte, Bruno; Rojas, Gustavo; Gutiérrez, José Marı́a

doi:10.1016/s0041-0101(00)00122-7

Cited by 34 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, our data showing the opposite are supported by a previous study in which SAB immunodepleted the venom proteins from B. atrox populations exhibiting the paedomorphic venom phenotype, the same pattern found in specimens collected in Pará State, Brazil [16]. Moreover, our present data are supported by other pre-clinical assessments showing neutralization of the toxic activities of venoms not included in immunization protocols [79], [80] and by a clinical trial for the treatment of snake bite patients clinically classified as mild and moderate in Pará State (Brazil) demonstrated that the efficacy of a conventional antivenom (SAB) was comparable to the efficacy of an experimental antivenom prepared through horse immunization with B. atrox venom [81].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Comparison of Phylogeny, Venom Composition and Neutralization by Antivenom in Diverse Species of Bothrops Complex

Sousa

Nicolau

Peixoto³

et al. 2013

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

142

103

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In Latin America, Bothrops snakes account for most snake bites in humans, and the recommended treatment is administration of multispecific Bothrops antivenom (SAB – soro antibotrópico). However, Bothrops snakes are very diverse with regard to their venom composition, which raises the issue of which venoms should be used as immunizing antigens for the production of pan-specific Bothrops antivenoms. In this study, we simultaneously compared the composition and reactivity with SAB of venoms collected from six species of snakes, distributed in pairs from three distinct phylogenetic clades: Bothrops, Bothropoides and Rhinocerophis. We also evaluated the neutralization of Bothrops atrox venom, which is the species responsible for most snake bites in the Amazon region, but not included in the immunization antigen mixture used to produce SAB. Using mass spectrometric and chromatographic approaches, we observed a lack of similarity in protein composition between the venoms from closely related snakes and a high similarity between the venoms of phylogenetically more distant snakes, suggesting little connection between taxonomic position and venom composition. P-III snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) are the most antigenic toxins in the venoms of snakes from the Bothrops complex, whereas class P-I SVMPs, snake venom serine proteinases and phospholipases A2 reacted with antibodies in lower levels. Low molecular size toxins, such as disintegrins and bradykinin-potentiating peptides, were poorly antigenic. Toxins from the same protein family showed antigenic cross-reactivity among venoms from different species; SAB was efficient in neutralizing the B. atrox venom major toxins. Thus, we suggest that it is possible to obtain pan-specific effective antivenoms for Bothrops envenomations through immunization with venoms from only a few species of snakes, if these venoms contain protein classes that are representative of all species to which the antivenom is targeted.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Comparison of Phylogeny, Venom Composition and Neutralization by Antivenom in Diverse Species of Bothrops Complex

Sousa

Nicolau

Peixoto³

et al. 2013

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

142

103

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“…The toxicological profile was qualitatively similar to that previously described for B. asper from Costa Rica [12] and Guatemala [27]. The nature and biological properties of snake venom components are peculiar to each species [8], whereas the presence and concentration of several venom components could vary intraspecifically as a function of geographic distribution, age, sex, feeding, size, season, and the time elapsed between venom extraction [9, 11, 28].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

Biochemical Characterization, Action on Macrophages, and Superoxide Anion Production of Four Basic Phospholipases A₂from PanamanianBothrops asperSnake Venom

Rueda

Rodríguez

Arantes

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

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Bothrops asper (Squamata: Viperidae) is the most important venomous snake in Central America, being responsible for the majority of snakebite accidents. Four basic PLA2s (pMTX-I to -IV) were purified from crude venom by a single-step chromatography using a CM-Sepharose ion-exchange column (1.5 × 15 cm). Analysis of the N-terminal sequence demonstrated that pMTX-I and III belong to the catalytically active Asp49 phospholipase A2 subclass, whereas pMTX-II and IV belong to the enzymatically inactive Lys49 PLA2s-like subclass. The PLA2s isolated from Panama Bothrops asper venom (pMTX-I, II, III, and IV) are able to induce myotoxic activity, inflammatory reaction mainly leukocyte migration to the muscle, and induce J774A.1 macrophages activation to start phagocytic activity and superoxide production.

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“…Similar bands were also observed by other researchers. For instance, Marshall and Williams [14] as well as Saravia et al [15] reported similar findings in their works on Crotalus and Bothrops asper snake venoms, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Comparative analysis of the venom proteome of four important Malaysian snake species

Vejayan

Khoon

Ibrahim

2014

J Venom Anim Toxins incl Trop Dis

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BackgroundNaja kaouthia, Ophiophagus hannah, Bungarus fasciatus and Calloselasma rhodostoma are four venomous snakes indigenous to Malaysia. In the present study, their proteomic profile by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) have been separated and compared.ResultsThe 2-DE of venoms of the four species snake demonstrated complexity and obvious interspecies differences in proteome profiles. A total of 63 proteins were identified in the four species: C. rhodostoma – 26, N. kaouthia – 16, O. hannah – 15 and B. fasciatus – 6.ConclusionsDespite the identifications of major proteins in the four snake species, a large number of protein spots from the 2-DE were unidentified even though the spots displayed high-quality MALDI-TOF-MS spectra. Those identified included phospholipase A2 proteins in all four venoms, long neurotoxins in both cobra species and the C. rhodostoma venom found with the most varied types of peptidases, i.e. metalloproteinase kistomin, halystase and L-amino acid oxidase.

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The venom of Bothrops asper from Guatemala: toxic activities and neutralization by antivenoms

Cited by 34 publications

References 15 publications

Comparison of Phylogeny, Venom Composition and Neutralization by Antivenom in Diverse Species of Bothrops Complex

Comparison of Phylogeny, Venom Composition and Neutralization by Antivenom in Diverse Species of Bothrops Complex

Biochemical Characterization, Action on Macrophages, and Superoxide Anion Production of Four Basic Phospholipases A₂from PanamanianBothrops asperSnake Venom

Comparative analysis of the venom proteome of four important Malaysian snake species

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The venom of Bothrops asper from Guatemala: toxic activities and neutralization by antivenoms

Cited by 34 publications

References 15 publications

Comparison of Phylogeny, Venom Composition and Neutralization by Antivenom in Diverse Species of Bothrops Complex

Comparison of Phylogeny, Venom Composition and Neutralization by Antivenom in Diverse Species of Bothrops Complex

Biochemical Characterization, Action on Macrophages, and Superoxide Anion Production of Four Basic Phospholipases A2from PanamanianBothrops asperSnake Venom

Comparative analysis of the venom proteome of four important Malaysian snake species

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Product

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Biochemical Characterization, Action on Macrophages, and Superoxide Anion Production of Four Basic Phospholipases A₂from PanamanianBothrops asperSnake Venom