The Venom Apparatus of the California Scorpionfish, Scorpaena guttata Girard

Halstead, Bruce W.; Chitwood, Myrna J.; Modglin, F. Rene

doi:10.2307/3223876

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Typically, the glands are composed of large glandular cells surrounded by supporting cells, which provide stability to the gland and connect it to the surrounding tissue [ 19 ]. Evidence points to a holocrine secretion method for the venom [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Additionally, histology often shows the presence of cytoplasmic granules on the internal surface of the gland cell membranes [ 23 ], and smaller granules could also be found in the vacuoles contained in the gland cells [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Components in Fish Venoms

Ziegman

Alewood

2015

Toxins

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Animal venoms are widely recognized excellent resources for the discovery of novel drug leads and physiological tools. Most are comprised of a large number of components, of which the enzymes, small peptides, and proteins are studied for their important bioactivities. However, in spite of there being over 2000 venomous fish species, piscine venoms have been relatively underrepresented in the literature thus far. Most studies have explored whole or partially fractioned venom, revealing broad pharmacology, which includes cardiovascular, neuromuscular, cytotoxic, inflammatory, and nociceptive activities. Several large proteinaceous toxins, such as stonustoxin, verrucotoxin, and Sp-CTx, have been isolated from scorpaenoid fish. These form pores in cell membranes, resulting in cell death and creating a cascade of reactions that result in many, but not all, of the physiological symptoms observed from envenomation. Additionally, Natterins, a novel family of toxins possessing kininogenase activity have been found in toadfish venom. A variety of smaller protein toxins, as well as a small number of peptides, enzymes, and non-proteinaceous molecules have also been isolated from a range of fish venoms, but most remain poorly characterized. Many other bioactive fish venom components remain to be discovered and investigated. These represent an untapped treasure of potentially useful molecules.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Components in Fish Venoms

Ziegman

Alewood

2015

Toxins

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“…Marine fishes, mainly Catfish attaches very fast and discharge venom from their dorsal and pectoral spines [15]. The fish sting apparatus is diversified specific structures and is naturally designed, adapted for fast predation and self-defense in different species [16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The FISH VENOM TOXINS: NATURAL SOURCE OF PHARMACEUTICALS AND THERAPEUTIC AGENTS “PHARMACEUTICAL AND THERAPEUTIC USES OF FISH VENOM TOXINS

Pandey

Upadhyay

2020

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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The present review article explains fish toxins from different species with their pharmaceutical and therapeutic uses. Fish stinging is a major problem in coastal areas as it exerts severe toxic effects mainly in fishermen, locals, and tourists. Fish toxins cause severe pain that radiates up in the limbs and regional lymphatics. These also impose venular stasis, hemorrhage and make changes in the arteriolar wall diameter. Fish toxins target ion-channels, ligand-gated channels and G-protein coupled receptors present in body cells and obstructs their physiological and metabolic functions. They affect molecules that participate in signaling pathways, and cause hemolytic, cardiovascular, and make obstruction in nerve function and smooth muscle contraction. For quick neutralization, fish venom-induced effects in victim’s toxin-specific antibodies are used. These quickly provide relief from pain, minimize the symptoms, and stop the immediate inflammatory reaction. Fish venom toxins are of wider biomedical applications and can be used for the preparation of immune diagnostics, bio-pesticides, anticancer agents, and analgesics by using its biological information.

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The piscine arsenal: an updated review of venomous fishes

Harris

2023

Rev Fish Biol Fisheries

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The Venom Apparatus of the California Scorpionfish, Scorpaena guttata Girard

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Bioactive Components in Fish Venoms

Bioactive Components in Fish Venoms

The FISH VENOM TOXINS: NATURAL SOURCE OF PHARMACEUTICALS AND THERAPEUTIC AGENTS “PHARMACEUTICAL AND THERAPEUTIC USES OF FISH VENOM TOXINS

The piscine arsenal: an updated review of venomous fishes

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