The vascular architecture of the developing pituitary-median eminence complex in the rat

Szabó, Klaudia; Csányi, K.

doi:10.1007/bf00213753

Cited by 58 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A dense vascular network delivers hypothalamic regulatory factors and target organ feedback signals that control pituitary endocrine function (2). Angiogenesis gives rise to this network beginning on mouse embryonic day 13.5 (e13.5) as epithelial cells in the expanding anterior wall of Rathke's pouch delaminate and intercalate with invading endothelial and mesenchymal cells (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

Epithelial cell integrin β1 is required for developmental angiogenesis in the pituitary gland

Scully

Skowronska‐Krawczyk

Krawczyk

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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As a key component of the vertebrate neuroendocrine system, the pituitary gland relies on the progressive and coordinated development of distinct hormone-producing cell types and an invading vascular network. The molecular mechanisms that drive formation of the pituitary vasculature, which is necessary for regulated synthesis and secretion of hormones that maintain homeostasis, metabolism, and endocrine function, remain poorly understood. Here, we report that expression of integrin β1 in embryonic pituitary epithelial cells is required for angiogenesis in the developing mouse pituitary gland. Deletion of pituitary epithelial integrin β1 before the onset of angiogenesis resulted in failure of invading endothelial cells to recruit pericytes efficiently, whereas deletion later in embryogenesis led to decreased vascular density and lumen formation. In both cases, lack of epithelial integrin β1 was associated with a complete absence of vasculature in the pituitary gland at birth. Within pituitary epithelial cells, integrin β1 directs a large transcriptional program that includes components of the extracellular matrix and associated signaling factors that are linked to the observed non-cell-autonomous effects on angiogenesis. We conclude that epithelial integrin β1 functions as a critical and canonical regulator of developmental angiogenesis in the pituitary gland, thus providing insight into the long-standing systems biology conundrum of how vascular invasion is coordinated with tissue development.angiogenesis | integrin β1 | pituitary gland | mice

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confidence: 99%

Epithelial cell integrin β1 is required for developmental angiogenesis in the pituitary gland

Scully

Skowronska‐Krawczyk

Krawczyk

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…These results are comparable to previous reports of the ontogenesis of the hypophysiotropic hormones, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) [23], somatostatin [9], and gonadotropin-releasing hormone [17] which initially appear in hypothalamic neurons on days 16, 17, and 18, respectively, of fetal life. In contrast, enke phalins, substance P, neurotensin, and cholecystokinin, peptides that do not exhibit primary hypophysiotropic roles, do not become evident until about the day of birth [37], While the hypophysial-portal vessels do not appear until day 21 of fetal life, a direct vascular connection exists be tween the brain and the anterior pituitary as early as the 12th day of fetal life [32], Thus, a potential delivery system for hypothalamic hypophysiotropic factors is available at an early stage of fetal development. This concept is sup ported by the observation that gonadotropin-releasing hor mone can be detected within pituitary gonadotrophs several days prior to the onset of luteinizing hormone secre tion which occurs about day 17 [30].…”

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confidence: 99%

Ontogenesis of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Neurons in the Rat Hypothalamus

Ishikawa¹,

Katakami²,

Jansson³

et al. 1986

Neuroendocrinology

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The ontogenesis of growth hormone releasing hormone (GH-RH) containing neurons in the rat hypothalamus has been studied by immunohistochemistry, using a specific anti-rat GH-RH serum. Immunoreactive fibers were first detected in the prospective median eminence on day 18 of gestation. During the subsequent 3 days, they rapidly increased in distribution and intensity of staining within this structure. On day 21, positive fibers were also visible in a plexus within the arcuate nucleus. In 1-day-old rats treated with colchicine, positive perikarya were distributed in several hypothalamic nuclei, including the arcuate nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus, basal lateral hypothalamus, and perifornical region. The distribution was similar to that previously described in adult rats. The intensity of staining in the various hypothalamic regions increased during early postnatal life to levels nearly comparable to those in adult rats by 30 days. These findings showing the early appearance of GH-RH-positive terminals in the median eminence and the wide distribution of the perikarya at an early stage of postnatal life support the view that hypothalamic GH-RH serves an important role in the regulation of growth hormone secretion during late prenatal and early neonatal periods.

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“…Enemar (1960) reported on the development of the pituitary vascular system in the mouse, focusing on the formation of the hypophyseal portal system. Developmental studies of the pituitary vascular system in other species also examined the hypophyseal portal system and its origin, but not the capillary nets in the gland (Glydon, 1957;Campbell, 1966;Szabó and Csá nyi, 1982;Szabó, 1987). The day 13 pituitary anlage was surrounded by loose capillary nets, whereas, 2 days later, the nets of the adenohypophysis were almost detached from those of the neurohypophysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%