The Variety of Cryptococcus neoformans in Patients with AIDS

Shimizu, Robyn Y.; Howard, D. H.; Clancy, Mary N.

doi:10.1093/infdis/154.6.1042

Cited by 53 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…In this study, in which most isolates were obtained from AIDS patients and samples were collected through active laboratorybased rather than passive surveillance, members of the ET 1 complex (serotype A like) comprise 90% of total cases. The high incidence of cryptococcosis due to serotype A in AIDS patients has been previously noted (14,26). The percentage of serotype AD isolates in this study parallels those of earlier surveys: 4% in 1977 (2), 4.4% in 1984 (12), and 5% in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Comparison of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis for molecular subtyping of Cryptococcus neoformans. The Cryplococcal Disease Active Surveillance Group

et al. 1995

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We evaluated multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) for their usefulness in subtyping 344 Cryptococcus neoformans clinical isolates obtained from four U.S. metropolitan areas in 1992 to 1994. MEE and RAPD with five primers both discriminated between the two varieties of C. neoformans. MEE divided C. neoformans var. neoformans isolates into 15 enzyme electrophoretic subtypes (ETs) arranged in three complexes. The predominant ET 1 complex contained 10 ETs, with isolates from 70% of patients in 1 ET. RAPD with five primers further sorted this predominant ET into 19 subtypes, with 60% of isolates sorting into three RAPD types. The ET 8 MEE complex, containing three ETs, could not be divided further by RAPD. The ET 7 complex (two ETs) included isolates from all serotype AD patients. Although both MEE and RAPD identified isolates of C. neoformans var. gattii, neither distinguished between serotypes B and C. These results showed that the two C. neoformans varieties could be identified by MEE or RAPD profile as well as by biochemical methods. RAPD improved the discriminatory power of MEE for isolates within the ET 1 complex but with other ETs offered little additional sensitivity over MEE and was less sensitive than MEE with isolates of C. neoformans var. gattii. This information will be useful in identifying particular environmental sources of disease-causing exposures, in seeking clusters of cases, and in determining whether an infecting strain changes over time.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Comparison of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis for molecular subtyping of Cryptococcus neoformans. The Cryplococcal Disease Active Surveillance Group

et al. 1995

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“…Initial studies of cryptococcosis in patients with AIDS found a predominance of serotype A isolates, suggesting that serotype A selectively infected AIDS patients (6,23,24,26). However, there are several recent reports of serotype C in AIDS patients in sub-Saharan Africa, where the frequency of serotype C has been reported to be as high as 14% (16,20,27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Immunorecessive Epitopes of Glucuronoxylomannan, the Major Capsular Polysaccharide of Cryptococcus neoformans, Reduce Serotype Bias in an Immunoassay for Cryptococcal Antigen

Percival¹,

Thorkildson²,

Kozel³

2011

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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Immunoassay for detection of glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), the major capsular polysaccharide of Cryptococcus neoformans, is an important tool for diagnosis of cryptococcosis. However, immunoassays that are based solely or in part on detection with polyclonal antibodies may show serotype bias in detection of GXM, particularly limited sensitivity for serotype C. In this study, we describe detection of GXM in an antigen capture sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that used a cocktail of two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). MAb F12D2 was previously produced by immunization with GXM that had been treated to remove O-acetyl groups, a major source of serotype specificity. MAb F12D2 has a high degree of reactivity with GXM of serotypes A, B, C, and D, but the reactivity with serotype D was less than was found with other MAbs. MAb 339 is highly reactive with GXM of serotypes A and D. Use of a combination of the two MAbs produced an immunoassay that had the best properties of both MAbs, including good reactivity with serotype C, which is an emerging threat in sub-Saharan Africa. These results suggest that next-generation immunoassays for diagnosis of cryptococcosis may be formulated by (i) use of immunization and hybridoma screening strategies that are designed to prospectively meet the needs of immunoassay performance and (ii) careful selection of MAbs that span the expected polysaccharide serotypes in the subject patient population.

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“…The cryptococcosis is more frequently found in patients with Aids (48%) and other diseases associated to cellular deficiency (33%) 25,30 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated from church towers in Rio de Janeiro City, RJ, Brazil

Baroni

Paula

Silva

et al. 2006

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYCryptococcosis has been a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Aids. Many reservoirs of the agent Cryptococcus neoformans have been reported, but the ecology of this yeast must be elucidated in order to establish surveillance programs and to prevent infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of C. neoformans in Rio de Janeiro City, RJ, Brazil. Ten churches were selected for sampling and detection of the yeast collecting pigeon dropping, air samples from church towers and neighboring areas during one year. The data demonstrated that C. neoformans has been present in every church selected and was present in 37.8% of 219 pigeon dropping samples. As well as, the yeast was isolated from soil, insects, eggs, pigeon nests and feathers. Fifteen air samples (4.9%) were positive. The growth on C.G.B. medium showed that all strains belonged to C. neoformans var. neoformans, with 98.8% of the strains belonging to serotype A.

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The Variety of Cryptococcus neoformans in Patients with AIDS

Cited by 53 publications

References 0 publications

Comparison of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis for molecular subtyping of Cryptococcus neoformans. The Cryplococcal Disease Active Surveillance Group

Comparison of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis for molecular subtyping of Cryptococcus neoformans. The Cryplococcal Disease Active Surveillance Group

Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Immunorecessive Epitopes of Glucuronoxylomannan, the Major Capsular Polysaccharide of Cryptococcus neoformans, Reduce Serotype Bias in an Immunoassay for Cryptococcal Antigen

Cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated from church towers in Rio de Janeiro City, RJ, Brazil

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