The Variation of Casual, Basal, and Supplemental Blood Pressures in Health and in Essential Hypertension

Kilpatrick, John Alexander

doi:10.1136/hrt.10.1.48

Cited by 46 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The overall conclusion from this study is that physical activity played an important role in influencing the circadian rhythm of blood pressure but the principal effects were delayed by 12-24 h. This study also casts doubt on the concept that basal blood pressure is a physiological constant (Kilpatrick, 1948).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Physical Activity and the Circadian Rhythm of Blood Pressure

et al. 1979

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1. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was carried out in 10 subjects for a period of 48 h, the first or second 24 h part of which was selected randomly to be a period of complete bed rest. 2. Heart rate was significantly lower throughout the period of bed rest except for the period 04.00-08.00 hours, when there was little difference. 3. The circadian variation of blood pressure was reduced during the day of bed rest but this was mainly due to higher night-time pressures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Physical Activity and the Circadian Rhythm of Blood Pressure

et al. 1979

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“…The observer now enters the room, greets the patient but does not converse, and proceeds to measure the BP at half‐minute intervals for 20 to 30 minutes….The average of the two lowest BPs is taken as the basal BP.” It is perhaps not surprising that these methods did not find wide use—but a number of important studies were based on them. Kilpatrick 6 studied patients convalescing in the hospital and measured their casual and basal pressures repeatedly over 7 days. He found that the basal pressure was much more reproducible than the casual pressure.…”

Section: Smirk's Concept Of Casual and Basal Bpmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Is the True Blood Pressure? Smirk Revisited

Pickering

2005

J of Clinical Hypertension

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“…This led to a study (Alam & Smirk, 1943;Smirk, 1944;Kilpatrick, 1948) of casual, basal and supplemental pressures. We introduced the term 'casual blood pressure' for the blood pressure as ordinarily measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Casual, Basal and Supplemental Blood Pressures in 519 First-Degree Relatives of Substantial Hypertensive Patients and in 350 Population Controls

Smirk

1976

Clinical Science

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SmmarY1. The casual blood pressure is the sum of the relatively stable basal pressure taken under defined conditions of rest and the labile supplemental pressure (casual minus basal), which represents the response to the current degree of physical, mental and probably metabolic stimulation.2. The basal and supplemental blood pressures behave differently and it seems likely that different factors are involved in their pathogenesis.3. The 5 and 8 years follow-up mortality is closely related to the basal pressure but not to the supplemental pressure.4. The rise with age in the basal blood pressure is greater in the relatives of substantial hypertensive patients than in population control subjects.5. Above the age group 30-39 years there is an increase in the rate of rise of the mean basal blood pressure with age among the first-degree relatives of hypertensive patients. In a population control group an acceleration in the rate of rise of the mean basal blood pressure with age also occurs but a decade or more later than in the relatives of hypertensive patients.6. In males the mean supplemental pressures (systolic and diastolic) do not rise appreciably with age and the mean supplemental pressures of first-degree relatives and control subjects do not differ appreciably. 7.In females the mean supplemental pressures rise with age but, except after age 60 years, the pressure rise in first-degree relatives is only a little greater than in control subjects.8. When hypertensive patients with similar casual blood pressures are compared the basal blood pressures are higher in patients with glomerulonephritis than in essential hypertensive patients. 9. In the first-degree relatives of substantial hypertensive patients high-ranking basal blood pressures occur much more frequently than in general population control subjects.10. The close resemblance of the blood pressures in like twins indicates that genetic or familial factors have an important influence on blood pressure, and on the Occurrence of frank hypertension.

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The Variation of Casual, Basal, and Supplemental Blood Pressures in Health and in Essential Hypertension

Cited by 46 publications

References 7 publications

Physical Activity and the Circadian Rhythm of Blood Pressure

Physical Activity and the Circadian Rhythm of Blood Pressure

What Is the True Blood Pressure? Smirk Revisited

Casual, Basal and Supplemental Blood Pressures in 519 First-Degree Relatives of Substantial Hypertensive Patients and in 350 Population Controls

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