The value of vaccination: a global perspective

Ehreth, Jenifer

doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00377-3

Cited by 150 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Viral hepatitis is preventable with effective vaccines, which is available since 1982 and have proven safe to both adults and children. 12 In the present study, majority 72% of interns are fully immunized for hepatitis-B. The proportion of male and female interns completely vaccinated with three doses of hepatitis B vaccine was 51/64 (79.7%) and 21/36 (58.3%) respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Knowledge and vaccination status of hepatitis B amongst medical interns of Rural Medical College, Loni, Maharashtra, India

Giri

Phalke

2014

SE Asia J. Pub. Health

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Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is a serious global public health problem. It is the most common blood borne viral infection which places healthcare professional at higher occupational risk. The present study was conducted to assess the current knowledge and vaccination status about hepatitis B amongst medical interns. A cross-sectional study was conducted between February and March 2009 on 100 medical interns of the Rural Medical College, Loni, India. A pre-designed questionnaire which assessed their knowledge of hepatitis B was the tool of data collection. The data was analyzed in the form of percentage and proportions, and the chi-square test was applied. In the present study, 83.3% of interns showed a good level of knowledge regarding hepatitis B infection. The percentage of interns with the correct knowledge regarding post exposure prophylaxis and mode of transmission of hepatitis B were 89% and 90% respectively. It was found that 87% of the respondents espoused vaccination as a measure for the prevention of hepatitis B and 72% of the interns were fully immunized against hepatitis B. However, there is a misconception about prophylaxis, vaccination and the treatment of HBV. Hence there is an imperative need for health education to improve the knowledge of the interns towards hepatitis B infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Knowledge and vaccination status of hepatitis B amongst medical interns of Rural Medical College, Loni, Maharashtra, India

Giri

Phalke

2014

SE Asia J. Pub. Health

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“…Vaccination represents an extremely efficient and cost-effective public health intervention (4), particularly when administered during the neonatal period, as access to medical care is greater at this time point than later in life in many geographical areas (5). Vaccines that are effective in the high-risk period of the first 3 mo of life and that can confer protection from "birth to death" remain an increasingly urgent unmet need.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated Human Neonatal CD8+ T Cells Are Subject to Immunomodulation by Direct TLR2 or TLR5 Stimulation

McCarron

Reen

2009

The Journal of Immunology

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In conditions of optimal priming, the neonate possess competency to mount quantitatively adult-like responses. Vaccine formulations containing sufficiently potent adjuvants may overcome the neonates’ natural tendency for immunosuppression and provoke a similarly robust immune response. TLR expression on T cells represents the possibility of directly enhancing T cell immunity. We examined the ex vivo responsiveness of highly purified human cord blood-derived CD8+ T cells to direct TLR ligation by a repertoire of TLR agonists. In concert with TCR stimulation, only Pam3Cys (palmitoyl-3-Cys-Ser-(Lys)4) and flagellin monomers significantly enhanced proliferation, CD25+ expression, IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and intracellular granzyme B expression. TLR2 and TLR5 mRNA was detected in the CD8+ T cells. Blocking studies confirmed that the increase in IFN-γ production was by the direct triggering of surface TLR2 or TLR5. The simultaneous exposure of CD8+ T cells to both TLR agonists had an additive effect on IFN-γ production. These data suggest that a combination of the two TLR ligands would be a potent T cell adjuvant. This may represent a new approach to TLR agonist-based adjuvant design for future human neonatal vaccination strategies requiring a CD8+ component.

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“…After World War II, targeting vaccination programs became to a universal tool for improving public health (2). In the wake of the global vaccination program and the supply of vaccines around the world, related mortality was significantly reduced, and Smallpox and Polio were eradicated (15,16). In the second half of the 20th century, scientific findings, which are associated with screening and industrial production of vaccines, led to the development of a new generation of vaccines and this period became known as the golden age of vaccine science.…”

Section: History Of Vaccine Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of History, Evolution, and Manufacturing of Various Generations of Vaccines

et al. 2017

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Vaccination has had great success in history of medicine with both infectious and non-infectious diseases listed in the realm of vaccines. The significant decrease in deaths from infectious and non-infectious diseases by development of vaccines has had a huge impact on the world health. Since the 20th century, for preventive and treatment purposes, there has been an emergence of new and diverse range of vaccines in medicine. Also, there are ongoing extensive efforts to increase the efficiency and performance of vaccines and reduce the risks, which are associated with humans. Despite of the development of advanced and effective vaccines in the recent decades, vaccines should be presented with different mechanisms to prevent epidemic and pandemic diseases. Vaccination has received the greatest attention in military aspects and several vaccines have been developed. Therefore, it seems that the study of different types and generations of vaccines, understanding their evolution, and production and development of new and modern vaccine is essential.

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The value of vaccination: a global perspective

Cited by 150 publications

References 20 publications

Knowledge and vaccination status of hepatitis B amongst medical interns of Rural Medical College, Loni, Maharashtra, India

Knowledge and vaccination status of hepatitis B amongst medical interns of Rural Medical College, Loni, Maharashtra, India

Activated Human Neonatal CD8+ T Cells Are Subject to Immunomodulation by Direct TLR2 or TLR5 Stimulation

An Overview of History, Evolution, and Manufacturing of Various Generations of Vaccines

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