An Overview of History, Evolution, and Manufacturing of Various Generations of Vaccines

Tahamtan, Alireza; Charostad, Javad; Shokouh, Seyyed Javad Hoseini; Barati, Mohammad

doi:10.5812/jamm.12315

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…The need to induce a Th1-type immune response in order to obtain protection was shown in Leishmania-murine models protection studies and in the immune profiles of self-healed individuals. (9) First-generation Leishmania vaccines containing total Leishmania antigens are proposed as an economic strategy to prevent leishmaniasis, (10) which is an important point in low income countries, where this disease is endemic. In this type of vaccine formulations, antigens have been produced by different methodologies based on the promastigote form: cycles of freezing and thawing, ultrasound, autoclaving, and pasteurisation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of different total Leishmania amazonensis antigens for the development of a first-generation vaccine formulated with a Toll-like receptor-3 agonist to prevent cutaneous leishmaniasis

Germanó

Lozano

Sánchez

et al. 2020

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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BACKGROUND Unfortunately, no any vaccine against leishmaniasis has been developed for human use. Therefore, a vaccine based on total Leishmania antigens could be a good and economic approach; and there are different methodologies to obtain these antigens. However, it is unknown whether the method to obtain the antigens affects the integrity and immune response caused by them. OBJECTIVES to compare the protein profile and immune response generated by total L. amazonensis antigens (TLA) produced by different methods, as well as to analyse the immune response and protection by a first-generation vaccine formulated with sonicated TLA (sTLA) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [Poly (I:C)]. METHODS TLA were obtained by four different methodologies and their integrity and immune response were evaluated. Finally, sTLA was formulated with Poly (I:C) and their protective immune response was measured. FINDINGS sTLA presented a conserved protein profile and induced a strong immune response. In addition, Poly (I:C) improved the immune response generated by sTLA. Finally, sTLA + Poly (I:C) formulation provided partial protection against L. amazonensis infection. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The protein profile and immune response depend on the methodology used to obtain the antigens. Also, the formulation sTLA + Poly (I:C) provides partial protection against cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice.

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of different total Leishmania amazonensis antigens for the development of a first-generation vaccine formulated with a Toll-like receptor-3 agonist to prevent cutaneous leishmaniasis

Germanó

Lozano

Sánchez

et al. 2020

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…4.1 we illustrate the general process of discovering a vaccine showing the narrow funnel conducting from about 100 candidates to one single vaccine in a period of 10–12 years and a cost of $500 million. 14 Although other authors [138] give estimations of up to 16 years and up to one billion USD.…”

Section: Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It also should recognize and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that infectious agent that it may encounter in the future. A vaccine that prevents or ameliorates the effects of a future infection is known as prophylactic, while one that fights against a disease already in course is known as therapeutic [138] . To start we should mention here how the process for developing a new vaccine takes place.…”

Section: Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2. Modeling the present, looking at the future

2020

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Since December 2019 the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has produced an outbreak of pulmonary disease which has soon become a global pandemic, known as COronaVIrus Disease-19 (COVID-19). The new coronavirus shares about 82% of its genome with the one which produced the 2003 outbreak (SARS CoV-1). Both coronaviruses also share the same cellular receptor, which is the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) one. In spite of these similarities, the new coronavirus has expanded more widely, more faster and more lethally than the previous one. Many researchers across the disciplines have used diverse modeling tools to analyze the impact of this pandemic at global and local scales. This includes a wide range of approaches – deterministic, data-driven, stochastic, agent-based, and their combinations – to forecast the progression of the epidemic as well as the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions to stop or mitigate its impact on the world population. The physical complexities of modern society need to be captured by these models. This includes the many ways of social contacts – (multiplex) social contact networks, (multilayers) transport systems, metapopulations, etc. – that may act as a framework for the virus propagation. But modeling not only plays a fundamental role in analyzing and forecasting epidemiological variables, but it also plays an important role in helping to find cures for the disease and in preventing contagion by means of new vaccines. The necessity for answering swiftly and effectively the questions: could existing drugs work against SARS CoV-2? and can new vaccines be developed in time? demands the use of physical modeling of proteins, protein-inhibitors interactions, virtual screening of drugs against virus targets, predicting immunogenicity of small peptides, modeling vaccinomics and vaccine design, to mention just a few. Here, we review these three main areas of modeling research against SARS CoV-2 and COVID-19: (1) epidemiology; (2) drug repurposing; and (3) vaccine design. Therefore, we compile the most relevant existing literature about modeling strategies against the virus to help modelers to navigate this fast-growing literature. We also keep an eye on future outbreaks, where the modelers can find the most relevant strategies used in an emergency situation as the current one to help in fighting future pandemics.

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“…20 Adjuvants can also enhance immune responses in communities with typically decreased reactions to vaccines, such as children, elderly people and immunocompromised individuals. Adjuvants have been used for more than 90 years and are presently part of more than 30 approved vaccines from different manufacturers 21 as shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Adjuvants Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel vaccine design based on genomics data analysis: A review

Shan

Bibi

et al. 2020

Scand J Immunol

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Modification of pathogenic strains with the passage of time is responsible for evolution in the timeline of vaccine development for last 30 years. Recent advancements in computational vaccinology on the one hand and genome sequencing approaches on the other have generated new hopes in vaccine development. The aim of this review was to discuss the evolution of vaccines, their characteristics and limitations. In this review, we highlighted the evolution of vaccines, from first generation to the current status, pointing out how different vaccines have emerged and different approaches that are being followed up in the development of more rational vaccines against a wide range of diseases. Data were collected using Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, Web of Knowledge, Scopus and Science Hub, whereas computational tools such as NCBI, GeneMANIA and STRING were used to analyse the pathways of vaccine action. Innovative tools, such as computational tools, recombinant technologies and intra-dermal devices, are currently being investigated in order to improve the immunological response. New technologies enlightened the interactions of host proteins with pathogenic proteins for vaccine candidate development, but still there is a need of integrating transcriptomic and proteomic approaches. Although immunization with genomics data is a successful approach, its advantages must be assessed case by case and its applicability depends on the nature of the agent to be immunized, the nature of the antigen and the type of immune response required to achieve effective protection. 2 of 21 | LU et aL.

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An Overview of History, Evolution, and Manufacturing of Various Generations of Vaccines

Cited by 27 publications

References 50 publications

Evaluation of different total Leishmania amazonensis antigens for the development of a first-generation vaccine formulated with a Toll-like receptor-3 agonist to prevent cutaneous leishmaniasis

Evaluation of different total Leishmania amazonensis antigens for the development of a first-generation vaccine formulated with a Toll-like receptor-3 agonist to prevent cutaneous leishmaniasis

COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2. Modeling the present, looking at the future

Novel vaccine design based on genomics data analysis: A review

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