The value of endorectal ultrasonography in rectal cancer staging

Abstract

Endorectal ultrasonography is a valuable diagnostic modality for rectal cancer staging. It is fast, safe, accurate, well tolerated by the patient and cheap procedure and therefore should be used as a diagnostic modality of the first choice in rectal cancer staging although one must take into consideration possible limitations in cases of preoperative chemoradiation.

Increased expression of FERM domain-containing 4A protein is closely associated with the development of rectal cancer

“…The expression levels of FRMD4A mRNA in the peripheral blood of Dukes' stage C and D subgroups were significantly increased compared with those in Dukes' stage A and B subgroups (P<0.05). Since Dukes' stages and lymph node metastasis are important indicators for the prognosis of patients with rectal cancer ( 19 ), increased expression levels of FRMD4A may indicate a poor prognosis for patients with rectal cancer.…”

Diagnostic value of endorectal ultrasonography for rectal carcinoma: A meta-analysis

“…[1][2][3][9][10][11][12][13][14] [3] 1986 27 5 7 1 14 0.83 0.67 Lymph node Sunouchi [4] 1998 47 10 6 3 28 0.77 0.82 Lymph node Rifkin [5] 1989 101 32 12 16 41 0.67 0.77 Invasion Glaser [6] 1990 31 6 2 0 23 1.00 0.92 Invasion Akasu [7] 2000 309 270 9 4 26 0.99 0.74 Invasion Hünerbein [8] 2000 30 19 1 2 8 0.90 0.89 Invasion Hsieh [1] 2003 67 62 2 0 3 1.00 0.60 Invasion Rifkin [5] 1989 102 13 6 13 70 0.50 0.92 Lymph node Glaser [6] 1990 73 26 8 7 32 0.79 0.80 Lymph node Lindmark [9] 1992 53 9 2 8 34 0.53 0.94 Lymph node Kim [10] 1999 85 24 10 21 30 0.53 0.75 Lymph node Hsieh [1] 2003 59 23 6 10 20 0.70 0.77 Lymph node Radovanovic [11] 2008 50 12 6 7 17 0.63 0.74 Lymph node Martino [12] 2010 83 16 7 9 27 0.64 0.79 Lymph node Zhang [13] 2013 53 13 6 12 28 0.52 0.82 Lymph node Liu [14] 2013 319 85 35 70 121 0.55 0.78 Lymph node Zhong [15] 2010 TP=True positive, FP=False positive, FN=False negative, TN=True negative examination, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and enteroscopy were common used for evaluation the preoperative staging of rectal cancer. ERUS has been reported useful for clinical preoperative tumor evaluation in tumor invasion depth and lymph node involvement.…”

Value of protective stoma in rectal cancer surgery

“…During the last two decades there was an increased proportion of sphincter-saving procedures in rectal cancer surgery due to better staging, surgical tech-nique, introduction of staplers and preoperative irradiation [1][2][3][4]. However, this has resulted in an increased number of patients exposed to the risk of anastomotic leakage (AL).…”