The validity of the information and vocabulary subtests of the WAIS

Feingold, Alan

doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198201)38:1<169::aid-jclp2270380129>3.0.co;2-9

“…126 Schmidt and Hunter [1983;], Hartigan and Wigdor [1989] and McHenry, Hough, Toquam et al [1990]. Correlation with other achievement tests; teacher ratings of student achievement 0.80 with grade 4 CAT/2, 0.69 with grade 5 CAT/2, 0.83 with grade 6 CAT/2; 0.67 with teacher ratings Michalko and Saklofske [1996] CAT=California Achievement Test Sources: Feingold [1982], Greene, Sapp and Chissom [1990], Hartlage and Steele [1977], Hunter [1986], Kobrin, Patterson, Shaw et al [2008], Michalko and Saklofske [1996], O'Leary, Rusch and Guastello [1991], Omizo [1980], Rothlisberg [1987], Schmidt, Hunter and Larson [1988], Sticht, Hooke and Caylor [1982], American Council On Education [2007], American Council on Education [2009].…”

Section: Predictive Validity Of Tests Of Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality Psychology and Economics

Almlund¹,

Duckworth²,

Heckman³

et al. 2011

Handbook of the Economics of Education

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E S ABSTRACT Personality Psychology and Economics *This paper explores the power of personality traits both as predictors and as causes of academic and economic success, health, and criminal activity. Measured personality is interpreted as a construct derived from an economic model of preferences, constraints, and information. Evidence is reviewed about the "situational specificity" of personality traits and preferences. An extreme version of the situationist view claims that there are no stable personality traits or preference parameters that persons carry across different situations. Those who hold this view claim that personality psychology has little relevance for economics. The biological and evolutionary origins of personality traits are explored. Personality measurement systems and relationships among the measures used by psychologists are examined. The predictive power of personality measures is compared with the predictive power of measures of cognition captured by IQ and achievement tests. For many outcomes, personality measures are just as predictive as cognitive measures, even after controlling for family background and cognition. Moreover, standard measures of cognition are heavily influenced by personality traits and incentives. Measured personality traits are positively correlated over the life cycle. However, they are not fixed and can be altered by experience and investment. Intervention studies, along with studies in biology and neuroscience, establish a causal basis for the observed effect of personality traits on economic and social outcomes. Personality traits are more malleable over the life cycle compared to cognition, which becomes highly rank stable around age 10. Interventions that change personality are promising avenues for addressing poverty and disadvantage.JEL Classification: I2, J24

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“…126 Schmidt and Hunter [1983;], Hartigan and Wigdor [1989] and McHenry, Hough, Toquam et al [1990]. Sources: Feingold [1982], Greene, Sapp and Chissom [1990], Hartlage and Steele [1977], Hunter [1986], Kobrin, Patterson, Shaw et al [2008], Michalko and Saklofske [1996], O'Leary, Rusch and Guastello [1991], Omizo [1980], Rothlisberg [1987], Schmidt, Hunter and Larson [1988], Sticht, Hooke and Caylor [1982], American Council On Education …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality Psychology and Economics

Almlund

¹

,

Duckworth

²

,

Heckman

³

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E S ABSTRACT Personality Psychology and Economics *This paper explores the power of personality traits both as predictors and as causes of academic and economic success, health, and criminal activity. Measured personality is interpreted as a construct derived from an economic model of preferences, constraints, and information. Evidence is reviewed about the "situational specificity" of personality traits and preferences. An extreme version of the situationist view claims that there are no stable personality traits or preference parameters that persons carry across different situations. Those who hold this view claim that personality psychology has little relevance for economics. The biological and evolutionary origins of personality traits are explored. Personality measurement systems and relationships among the measures used by psychologists are examined. The predictive power of personality measures is compared with the predictive power of measures of cognition captured by IQ and achievement tests. For many outcomes, personality measures are just as predictive as cognitive measures, even after controlling for family background and cognition. Moreover, standard measures of cognition are heavily influenced by personality traits and incentives. Measured personality traits are positively correlated over the life cycle. However, they are not fixed and can be altered by experience and investment. Intervention studies, along with studies in biology and neuroscience, establish a causal basis for the observed effect of personality traits on economic and social outcomes. Personality traits are more malleable over the life cycle compared to cognition, which becomes highly rank stable around age 10. Interventions that change personality are promising avenues for addressing poverty and disadvantage.JEL Classification: I2, J24

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“…However, it has been demonstrated that scores on the subtests Information and Vocabulary from the WAIS or WAIS-Rcorrelate very well with full-scale IQ (Wechsler, 1981). It has even been demonstrated that each subtest is just as valid as the full-scale IQ and that the combination Information and Vocabulary is superior (more valid) to either subtest alone (Feingold, 1982(Feingold, , 1983. Furthermore, education is strongly related to scores on the Information and Vocabulary subtests (Heaton et al, 1986;Feingold, 1983), and these scores are considered to be relatively unaffected by brain dysfunction (Lezak, 1983).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative data for eight neuropsychological tests based on a Danish sample

Nielsen

¹

,

Knudsen

²

,

Daugbjerg

³

1989

Scandinavian J Psychology

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Normative neuropsychological data have been provided using a sample of 101 persons aged 20 to 54 years. Eighty-seven of the subjects were recruited among patients who had undergone minor surgery, and 14 subjects were volunteers from the staff at the hospital laundry. The measures consisted of seven subjects from the WAIS-R, the trail-making test, symbol digit modalities test, auditory-verbal learning test, story recall test, visual gestalt test, recurring figures test, verbal fluency, and Purdue pegboard test. These measures were selected because of suitability in regard to time taken for testing each subject and their sensitivity to subtle changes in neuropsychological functioning. The sample was arbitrarily divided into three age groups, and for each of the three samples, mean, standard deviation, and range were calculated for each test. The results of the Information and Vocabulary subtests from the WAIS-R, education, and social status were applied as independent variables in linear regression analyses where each of the neuropsychological tests, in turn, was the dependent variable. For the oldest age group, age in addition was used as an independent variable. Significant linear relationships, which accounted for an optimal part of the variance, were selected for clinical application.

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The validity of the information and vocabulary subtests of the WAIS

Cited by 24 publications

References 24 publications

Personality Psychology and Economics

Personality Psychology and Economics

Personality Psychology and Economics

Normative data for eight neuropsychological tests based on a Danish sample

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