The Validity of the ICD-10 Classification of Recurrent Affective Disorders: Do Endogenous and Psychogenic Depressions Form a Homogeneous Diagnostic Group?

Vetter, P.; Pritzbuer, J.V.; Jungmann, K.; Kropp, Peter; Köller, Olaf

doi:10.1159/000049278

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…It adds to the validity of the study that the age and gender characteristics of the sample of patients resemble the characteristics found in other studies, i.e., patients with neurotic depression were younger and more often female than patients with endogenous depression [12,[21][22][23] and, similarly, patients with reactive depression were younger than patients with endogenous depression, as in other studies [13,15].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Endogenous, Reactive and Neurotic Depression – Diagnostic Stability and Long-Term Outcome

Kessing¹

2004

Psychopathology

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Background: No larger long-term study has been conducted of outcomes of patients diagnosed with endogenous, reactive or neurotic depression and using survival methods in the analyses. Sampling and Methods: All patients who had had their first-ever discharge in the period from 1970 to 1994 with a diagnosis of endogenous, reactive or neurotic depression according to ICD-8 were identified in a nationwide register of admissions to psychiatric wards. Patients were followed up to 1999 and the long-term diagnostic stability, the risk of relapse leading to readmission and the risk of suicide was analysed in the three groups. Results: The diagnostic stability over time of the diagnosis of reactive depression and neurotic depression was low. Patients with neurotic depression had a substantially greater risk of relapse leading to readmission compared to patients with endogenous depression, and patients with reactive depression had less risk of relapse. No differences were found in the risk of completed suicide between the three groups of patients during long-term follow-up. Conclusions: The study does not provide evidence for re-establishing prior diagnostic systems of depressive disorders based on the presence or absence of neurotic characteristics or on the presence or absence of a psychic trauma as in ICD-8.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Endogenous, Reactive and Neurotic Depression – Diagnostic Stability and Long-Term Outcome

Kessing¹

2004

Psychopathology

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“…Therefore, potential gender differences in distribution of melancholia may be essential with respect to treatment of depressed male and female patients. Furthermore, it has recently been claimed [43] that a diagnostic distinction between endogenous (melancholic) and psychogenic (neurotic-reactive) depressions is relevant.…”

Section: Strengthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the years, the HDS has become the most widely used interview scale and analyses of the HDS [34,44] and the N1 [34,35] report high standards of validity and reliability. In a recent publication [43], the N1 has been used as the golden standard when distinguishing between endogenous and psychogenic depressions. Considering conceptuality, validity and reliability, the use of DSM-III and DSM-III-R criteria, and the HDS and N1 depression rating scales is a strong factor in our study.…”

Section: Strengthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Severity, Symptomatology and Distribution of Melancholia in Major Depression

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Kragh-Soerensen

2003

Psychopathology

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Background: Studies of gender differences in the clinical presentation of depression have provided divergent results. This study aimed at analyzing gender differences in severity, symptomatology and distribution of melancholia in major depression. Sampling and Methods: The study comprised 930 in- and out-patients (652 women, 278 men) from 6 randomized controlled trials. All patients fulfilled DSM-III or DSM-III-R criteria for major depression. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS) was applied to all patients. A multi-axial evaluation was completed using the Newcastle 1 Depression Rating Scale from 1965 for melancholia (N1) in a subsample of patients (n = 439). A factor analysis on the HDS was performed. Non-parametric statistical tests were used and only gender differences greater than 20% were considered clinically relevant. Results: The median on the HDS total score was 22 and the median number of symptoms was 13 for both men and women. Presentation of specific symptoms was similar for men and women. The factor analysis revealed no gender differences, and neither did analyses on symptoms of Axes II and IV. According to the N1, 80% of the men and 66% of the women suffered from melancholic depression (p = 0.004). Conclusions: In a large and broad sample of in- and out-patients with major depression, the severity and symptomatology of depression were similar for men and women. Melancholic depression was significantly more frequent among male than female patients. Inclusion and exclusion criteria in the randomized controlled trials provided a selected group of patients, which limited the generalisability of the results to an exclusive subgroup of patients treated for depression in routine clinical practice.

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“…Гендерное распределение пациентов изученной выборки характеризовалось значительным преобладанием лиц женского пола (91,7%), что согласуется с данными литературы о большей распространенности невротических депрессий у женщин [25,26].…”

Section: материал и методыunclassified

Neurotic depression: the problem of nosological qualification

Sorokina¹,

Volel²

2019

Psychiatry

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Результаты: объединяемые термином «невротическая депрессия» состояния клинически неоднородны (депрессии с явлениями виктимизации со страхом сепарации и депрессии с привязанностью, формирующейся при явлениях эротомании), в первую очередь по содержанию кататимного комплекса (тревожно-фобический и сверхценный кататимный комплекс). Различия в структуре денотата соотносились с гетерогенностью клинических проявлений и динамики депрессий. Клиническая картина невротических депрессий у пациентов первой группы подвергалась трансформации: происходила смена первоначально доминировавшей тревоги явлениями негативной аффективности (апатия, ангедония), а также приобретение эндоформных черт (тоска, патологический суточный ритм). Помимо выявляемой у 38,2% аффективной патологии, у 61,8% пациентов данной группы установлен диагноз из круга расстройств шизофренического спектра. При этом невротические депрессии с явлениями эротомании со сверхценной привязанностью в большинстве своем (76,9%) не выходили за рамки аффективных фаз невротического регистра, реализующихся на траектории расстройств личности. Установлено, что основной для всех пациентов личностной дименсией, соучаствующей в формировании невротической депрессии, являлся феномен виктимизации, характеризующий способность пациентов оказываться и длительно пребывать в психотравмирующей (фрустрирующей) обстановке. Помимо этого, выявлено, что наряду с характерологическими особенностями кластеров В и С (DSM-5), у 83,3% пациентов определяются преморбидные черты, присущие кластеру А.Выводы: неоднородность денотата невротической депрессии определяла различия в клинической картине, динамике (с разным социальным и трудовым прогнозом). Установлена нозологическая гетерогенность состояний, объединяемых термином «невротическая депрессия»: наравне с аффективной патологией выявлялся диагноз расстройства личности и заболеваний шизофренического спектра. Структура кататимного комплекса также взаимосвязана с разной личностной предиспозицией с чувствительностью к определенным стрессорным триггерам.Ключевые слова: невротическая депрессия; виктимизация; фрустрация; нозологическая гетерогенность; кататимный комплекс.

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The Validity of the ICD-10 Classification of Recurrent Affective Disorders: Do Endogenous and Psychogenic Depressions Form a Homogeneous Diagnostic Group?

Cited by 5 publications

References 63 publications

Endogenous, Reactive and Neurotic Depression – Diagnostic Stability and Long-Term Outcome

Endogenous, Reactive and Neurotic Depression – Diagnostic Stability and Long-Term Outcome

Gender Differences in Severity, Symptomatology and Distribution of Melancholia in Major Depression

Neurotic depression: the problem of nosological qualification

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