The Utilization of Water Resources for Agriculture in Syria: Analysis of the Current Situation and Future Challenges

Salman, Maher; Mualla, Wael

doi:10.1142/9789812702753_0031

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…1993-1997 1998-2002 The current water crisis means that this policy simply will not hold up in the future (Elhadj, 2004;Salman, 2004). Syria is now waterpoor and still weighs heavily on agricultural resources: as a dominant economic sector it counts for 32% of the GDP and 60% of the non-oil exports (Salman & Mualla, 2003;Bazza & Najib, 2003;Le Moigne, 1992 A government policy based on increased water supply without looking at demand management is ecologically dangerous. Hunt (2004) analysed that an unlimited increase of local supplies either by global water movement or desalination will remove the main limitation for population growth and ultimately lead to disruption of the entire ecosystem.…”

Section: Groundwater Resources Policy and Institutional Reform In Syriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This section looks at recent development on Syrian policies to manage its groundwater resources. Solutions are multifaceted and are sought in building dams, desalination, artificial groundwater recharge, expansion of irrigation schemes, increase of water supply by rivers like the Euphrates, increase in the supply of freshwater sources in coastal regions, demand management of urban water use and irrigation efficiency and waste water management (ElHadj, 2004;Salman, 2004;Salman & Mualla, 2003;Bazza & Najib, 2003;Hamdy, 2001;World Bank, 2000;Beaumont, 1993;Wakil, 1993;LeMoigne, 1992;Rabo, 1986).…”

Section: Groundwater Resources Policy and Institutional Reform In Syriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of these studies mention the lack of access, availability and reliability of national water resources data (Elhadj, 2004;Salman, 2003Salman, , 2004Bazza & Najib, 2003). The country water balance does not seem to be consistent and varies according to the different sources of information (Salman, 2004).…”

Section: Challenges Per Groundwater Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The longterm objective is to achieve integrated and sustainable surface and groundwater management in Syria (Salman, 2003). This was a first concrete step of reform within the water sector.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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To Cooperate or not to Cooperate...? : Collective action for rehabilitation of traditional water tunnel systems (qanats) in Syria

Wessels

2008

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Section: Groundwater Resources Policy and Institutional Reform In Syriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Groundwater Resources Policy and Institutional Reform In Syriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Challenges Per Groundwater Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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To Cooperate or not to Cooperate...? : Collective action for rehabilitation of traditional water tunnel systems (qanats) in Syria

Wessels

2008

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“…This further increase the rate of pollution and contamination of water bodies in Lattakia, especially in areas prone to sewers and the rivers estuary. A good correlation was demonstrated between intestinal floras total coliforms (TC), Escherichia coli with FC In most areas (Salman and Mualla, 2003; http://www.arabscientist.org/english/page/369/). Significant increase in cases of diarrhea and intestinal infections was registered in specific seasons and changes in the taste and smell of the water bodies were observed (Directorate of Environment, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population growth and its environmental impact in Syria: A case study of Lattakia region

Naveed¹

2015

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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This paper investigates and monitors the impact of population growth on the standard of living in the Lattakia region of Syria Arab Republic. It focuses on the effect of pollution on population growth in the region and how this affects the surface and groundwater resource. There has been symmetrical expansion of the agricultural and urban sectors in Lattakia as its population increased and this has caused negative effect on the water quality resource available in the region. For the purpose of this research, the region of Lattakia has been divided into four study areas; Firstly, Alsin River area, which is the main source of drinking water in the region, is designated as area (A1). While the east of Gable town is designated as area (A2), and area (A3) includes the main city of Lattakia and its countryside, and area (A4) is made up of the largest rivers in the costal basin. Chemical, biochemical and bacterial tests were carried out, and the results obtained shows the existence of chemical and bacterial contaminants and it was also observed that the surface and ground water in area (A1), which is the main source of drinking water in the region is polluted with bacteria Escherichia coli. Laboratory tests investigations carried out proved the existence of germs type E. coli in excessive concentration of bacteria from sewage, and high value of nitrate and nitrite ions in area A2 which are predominantly used for agricultural activities. The results from area (A3) and (A4) shows the existence of chemical and bacterial contaminations and the increase in the rates of pollution in area P1 (springs great north River Area) to the estuary area P2 (the estuary point the great north river in the sea) and the presence of a strong correlation between the number of inhabitants in the area of the river and increase in the rates and various types of pollution. This research was carried out just before the commencement of the crisis in The Syrian Arab Republic.

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Regime shift in Arabian dust activity, triggered by persistent Fertile Crescent drought

2015

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The Arabian Peninsula has experienced pronounced interannual to decadal variability in dust activity, including an abrupt regime shift around 2006 from an inactive dust period during 1998-2005 to an active period during [2007][2008][2009][2010][2011][2012][2013]. Corresponding in time to the onset of this regime shift, the climate state transitioned into a combined La Niña and negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, which incited a hiatus in global warming in the 2000s. Superimposed upon a long-term regional drying trend, synergistic interactions between these teleconnection modes triggered the establishment of a devastating and prolonged drought, which engulfed the Fertile Crescent, namely, Iraq and Syria, and led to crop failure and civil unrest. Dried soils and diminished vegetation cover in the Fertile Crescent, as evident through remotely sensed enhanced vegetation indices, supported greater dust generation and transport to the Arabian Peninsula in 2007-2013, as identified both in increased dust days observed at weather stations and enhanced remotely sensed aerosol optical depth. According to backward trajectory analysis of dust days on the Arabian Peninsula, increased dust lifting and atmospheric dust concentration in the Fertile Crescent during this recent, prolonged drought episode supported a greater frequency of dust events across the peninsula with associated northerly trajectories and led to the dust regime shift. These findings are particularly concerning, considering projections of warming and drying for the eastern Mediterranean region and potential collapse of the Fertile Crescent during this century.

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The Utilization of Water Resources for Agriculture in Syria: Analysis of the Current Situation and Future Challenges

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

To Cooperate or not to Cooperate...? : Collective action for rehabilitation of traditional water tunnel systems (qanats) in Syria

To Cooperate or not to Cooperate...? : Collective action for rehabilitation of traditional water tunnel systems (qanats) in Syria

Population growth and its environmental impact in Syria: A case study of Lattakia region

Regime shift in Arabian dust activity, triggered by persistent Fertile Crescent drought

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