The utilization of reclaimed water: Possible risks arising from waterborne contaminants

Recent Progresses of Forward Osmosis Membranes Formulation and Design for Wastewater Treatment

“…Combining these scenarios, it has been increasing use of various technologies in wastewater reclamation for indirect potable use. Over the last decade, it has been a surge in the establishment and utilization of new technologies to support the traditional limitations of technologies [5,6]. Substantial challenges related to water shortage and the need for wastewater treatments have advanced the development of membrane-based separation processes for the treatment of complex and impaired water resources.…”

Where do we stand to oversee the coronaviruses in aqueous and aerosol environment? Characteristics of transmission and possible curb strategies

“…As the advanced treatment process, reclaimed water is similar to that of ordinary DWTPs, the possible prevention and control strategies for the water-related virus in DWTPs are suitable for reclaimed water management [107] , [128] . Based on the data during the outbreak of SARS and MERS, most DWTPs systems that meet the virus removal/inactivation regulations are effective for coronaviruses control.…”

Water reclamation and reuse

“…A review by Deng, Yan, Zhu, and Liao (2019) examined the potential risks of waterborne contaminants that could arise when using reclaimed water and aptly pointed out many of the challenges that remain with regard to proper and safe utilization of reclaimed water. Firstly, the risks of using reclaimed water vary significantly due to variations in treatment processes and operational conditions at different WRRFs (Deng et al, 2019).…”

“…A review by Deng, Yan, Zhu, and Liao (2019) examined the potential risks of waterborne contaminants that could arise when using reclaimed water and aptly pointed out many of the challenges that remain with regard to proper and safe utilization of reclaimed water. Firstly, the risks of using reclaimed water vary significantly due to variations in treatment processes and operational conditions at different WRRFs (Deng et al, 2019). Secondly, the risks are not well understood nor are they easily detectible due to a lack of reliable analytical technologies for detecting chemical and microbial contaminants and limited availability of information on the fate and transformation of emerging contaminants, such as antimicrobial resistance, leading to difficulties when choosing appropriate treatment technologies (Deng et al, 2019).…”