Water reclamation and reuse

Abstract

Literature published in 2019 pertinent to water reclamation and reuse has been classified into five sections: safe reuse, treatment technologies, management, assessment, and case studies. Membranes have been widely applied in integrated processes to polish secondary effluent and achieve high-quality reclaimed water. Increased efforts have also been made to facilitate feasible and safe water reuse.

Urban stormwater management for sustainable and resilient measures and practices: a review

“…Evaluation of performance of existing systems for flood disasters using distance measure method may be carried (Song et al 2020). Also, appraisal of LID performance for stormwater control can be done using SWMM with an interdisciplinary criterion (Zhang et al 2020a(Zhang et al , 2020b. Further, the evaluation of stormwater management at block level in urban areas with LIDs may be performed (Khurelbaatar et al 2021).…”

“…Greenroofs may increase the quality of urban runoff by absorption and filtration processes and also release pollutants into water (Teemusk & Mander 2007;Lee et al 2013). Membranes may be extensively applied in integrated processes to produce high quality reclaimed water (Zhang et al 2020a(Zhang et al , 2020b.…”

“…Membranes are in wide use for integrated processes for the high quality reclaimed water development to aid safe water reuse (Kog 2020;Zhang et al 2020aZhang et al , 2020b. Bioswales and wet swales need to be considered as options for stormwater control (Ekka et al 2020).…”

“…Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (Fryd et al 2010;Zhou 2014;Ellis & Lundy 2016;Lim & Lu 2016;Casal-Campos et al 2018;Arahuetes and Cantos 2019;Altobelli et al 2020;Kändler et al 2020;Lin et al 2020;Kwon et al 2020;Hager et al 2021), Low Impact Development and Best Management Practices (Strecker et al 2001;Dietz 2007;Motsinger et al 2016;Mani et al 2019;Nowogonśki 2020;Men et al 2020;Song et al 2020;Zhang et al 2020aZhang et al , 2020bKhurelbaatar et al 2021), Water Sensitive Urban Design (Lariyah et al 2011;Beecham & Razzaghmanesh 2015;Siekmann & Siekmann 2015;Marino et al 2018;Ahmed et al 2019) and Sponge City Programmes (Wang et al 2018) are some of the stormwater management schemes which are being adopted in different countries.…”

Analysis and Simulation Performance of a Reverse Osmosis Plant in the Al-Maqal Port

“…From this figure, it is clear that the turbidity value decreased from 45 NTU in raw water to 35 by the coagulation process, then to 25 NTU by the flocculation process, and finally to 1.5 NTU by the cartridge filter. According to previous studies, the maximum limits are turbidity of 1 NTU to avoid fouling that will be reduce operating efficiency and membrane life, and ultimately increases the operating and maintenance costs of membrane filtration [Zhang et al, 2020]. Therefore, the turbidity (1.5 NTU) in the filtered water before entering the membranes is considered a little high and will lead to more frequent and shorter backwashing period for the RO membranes.…”