The utility of visual motion for goal-directed reaching

Whitney, David; Murakami, Ikuya; Gomi, Hiroaki

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511750540.009

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 156 publications

(236 reference statements)

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“…Motion-induced shifts in represented positions might improve the spatial accuracy of perception (Nijhawan, 1994, 2008) and visually guided behavior (Whitney et al, 2003; Whitney, 2008; Whitney et al, 2010) by compensating for neural delays in signal transmissions and coordinate transformations when localizing objects in dynamic scenes. Indeed, large-field visual motion, of the sort that MT+ is selective for, biases reaching movements in a manner that makes reaching more accurate (Whitney et al, 2003; Saijo et al, 2005); interfering with neural activity in MT+ using TMS reduces the beneficial effects of background visual motion on reaching (Whitney et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motion-Dependent Representation of Space in Area MT+

Maus

Fischer

Whitney

2013

Neuron

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Summary How is visual space represented in cortical area MT+? At a relatively coarse scale, the organization of MT+ is debated: Retinotopic, spatiotopic, or mixed representations have been proposed. However, none of these entirely explains perceptual localization of objects at a fine spatial scale—a scale relevant for tasks like navigating or manipulating objects. For example, perceived positions of objects are strongly modulated by visual motion: stationary flashes appear shifted in the direction of nearby motion. Does spatial coding in MT+ reflect these shifts in perceived position? We performed an fMRI experiment employing this “flash-drag effect”, and found that flashes presented near motion produced patterns of activity similar to physically shifted flashes in the absence of motion. This reveals a motion-dependent change in the neural representation of object position in human MT+, a process that could help compensate for perceptual and motor delays in localizing objects in dynamic scenes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motion-Dependent Representation of Space in Area MT+

Maus

Fischer

Whitney

2013

Neuron

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“…The MFR is highly sensitive to the visual motion of a coarse pattern located in the visual periphery (Gomi et al 2013), and the response can improve the reaching accuracy when participants are passively rotated in a chair (Whitney et al 2003). These features suggested that the MFR is a functional way of adjusting arm movement against body motion that frequently causes retinal motion (Gomi 2008;Whitney et al 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Online gain update for manual following response accompanied by gaze shift during arm reaching

Abekawa

Gomi

2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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To capture objects by hand, online motor corrections are required to compensate for self-body movements. Recent studies have shown that background visual motion, usually caused by body movement, plays a significant role in such online corrections. Visual motion applied during a reaching movement induces a rapid and automatic manual following response (MFR) in the direction of the visual motion. Importantly, the MFR amplitude is modulated by the gaze direction relative to the reach target location (i.e., foveal or peripheral reaching). That is, the brain specifies the adequate visuomotor gain for an online controller based on gaze-reach coordination. However, the time or state point at which the brain specifies this visuomotor gain remains unclear. More specifically, does the gain change occur even during the execution of reaching? In the present study, we measured MFR amplitudes during a task in which the participant performed a saccadic eye movement that altered the gaze-reach coordination during reaching. The results indicate that the MFR amplitude immediately after the saccade termination changed according to the new gaze-reach coordination, suggesting a flexible online updating of the MFR gain during reaching. An additional experiment showed that this gain updating mostly started before the saccade terminated. Therefore, the MFR gain updating process would be triggered by an ocular command related to saccade planning or execution based on forthcoming changes in the gaze-reach coordination. Our findings suggest that the brain flexibly updates the visuomotor gain for an online controller even during reaching movements based on continuous monitoring of the gaze-reach coordination.

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Visual motion distorts visual and motor space

2012

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Much evidence suggests that visual motion can cause severe distortions in the perception of spatial position. In this study, we show that visual motion also distorts saccadic eye movements. Landing positions of saccades performed to objects presented in the vicinity of visual motion were biased in the direction of motion. The targeting errors for both saccades and perceptual reports were maximum during motion onset and were of very similar magnitude under the two conditions. These results suggest that visual motion affects a representation of spatial position, or spatial map, in a similar fashion for visuomotor action as for perception.

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The utility of visual motion for goal-directed reaching

Cited by 3 publications

References 156 publications

Motion-Dependent Representation of Space in Area MT+

Motion-Dependent Representation of Space in Area MT+

Online gain update for manual following response accompanied by gaze shift during arm reaching

Visual motion distorts visual and motor space

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