The utility of statistical analysis in structural geology

Roberts, Nicolas; Tikoff, Basil; Davis, Joshua R.; Stetson-Lee, Tor

doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2018.05.030

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Many studies reported methods, approaches and algorithm to better process and model data aimed at highlighting phenomena. Examples of various methods of statistical data analysis include data visualization, regressions, correlation, inference (Roberts et al, 2019;Lemenkova, 2019d), velocity modeling using grid based travel-time calculation method (Fujie et al, 2006), regression analysis of variables (Lemenkova, 2019c), factor analysis (Tucker, 1964;Lemenkova, 2018c), clustering and data grouping (Dumont et al, 2018;Lemenkova, 2019h). As for data instruments, examples of application include R programming language (Kotov & Pälike, 2017Lemenkova, 2018a), Python programming language (Yu et al, 2019;Lemenkova, 2019b), SPSS Statistics (Lemenkova, 2019e), Gretl (Lemenkova, 2019d).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gebco Gridded Bathymetric Datasets for Mapping Japan Trench Geomorphology by Means of GMT Scripting Toolset

Lemenkova¹

2020

Geodesy and Cartography

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The study investigated geomorphology of the Japan Trench located east of Japan, Pacific Ocean. A high-resolution GEBCO Gridded Bathymetric Dataset was used for modeling, mapping and visualization. The study aimed to compare and analyse variations in the geomorphic structures of the two parts of the trench and to visualize variations in the geological, geophysical and bathymetric settings. Technically, the cartographic work was performed using scripting based on the Generic Mapping Toolset (GMT). Modelled cross-sectioning orthogonal profiles transecting the trench in a perpendicular direction were automatically digitized and graphed in the two segments. The results of the bathymetric analysis shown that the southern part is shallower: with deeper values in absolute (139 samples between –7000 to –8000 m) and statistical records (the most frequent values are within –5500 to –5800 m) comparing to the northern segment (–5300 to –5500 m). The geomorphological analysis shows a more complicated relief in the northern part of the trench, which has a higher seismic activity. The southern part has a gentler slope on the Honshu island side. The geoid modeling along the trench ranges in 0–20 mGal. The highest values are recorded by the Honshu Island (>40 mGal). The rest of the area has rather moderate undulations (20–40 mGal). The free-air marine gravity of the Sea of Japan is <40 mGal. The results include 2D and 3D graphical models, thematic cartographic maps, spatial and statistical analysis of the Japan Trench geomorphology. Tested GMT functionality can be applied to future regional bathymetric modeling of the ocean trenches. All presented maps and graphs are made using GMT scripting toolset.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gebco Gridded Bathymetric Datasets for Mapping Japan Trench Geomorphology by Means of GMT Scripting Toolset

Lemenkova¹

2020

Geodesy and Cartography

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“…Combination of various data analysis tools, such as GMT scripting toolset, AWK and Octave programming languages for sorting and reshaping data, plotting graphs and mapping enabled to create a geospatial analysis of the selected specific areas of the Pacific Ocean -the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench. Successful application of the programming languages and advanced statistical tools towards geospatial data analysis has been demonstrated in various papers: Python [31], [32], [33], Fortran language [34], [35], [36], R language [37], [38], [39], [40], SPSS IBM Statistics [41], [42], [43], Gretl GNU Regression, Econometrics and Time-series Library for Statistical Analysis [44]. However, only few examples were given so far specifically for AWK language and its application is traditionally limited by the IT domains [45], [46].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awk and Gnu Octave Programming Languagesintegrated With Generic Mapping Tools for Geomorphological Analysis

Lemenkova

2019

GSE

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The paper presents a sequential use of the AWK and GNU Octave programming languages integrated with Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) for geospatial data analysis. The geographic scope of the research is focused on the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench, north Pacific Ocean. Practical research aim is to analyse and compare bathymetry in the southern and northern part of the trench using digitized crosssection profiles. The initial mapping and geospatial analysis was performed in GMT scripting toolset. The GMT was used for cartographic mapping based on the raster ETOPO1 grid and automatic digitizing of the profiles crossing the trench perpendicularly. Besides visualized map, the processed geodata were received in a numerical form as a complex multi-field table for each segment. These tables were generated by the GMT in its native format and could not be directly processed by the MATLAB/Octave. Therefore, the tables were exported to AWK, a data-driven programming language and a powerful tool for data extraction. The table was then restructured, sorted and reshaped by the AWK script. Because the total amount of profiles overstepped 100 (62 and 52 for the northern and southern trench segments), only selected profiles were visualized. For this purpose, at the next step the modified tables were converted to GNU Octave language for visualizing and plotting selected profiles. Finally, the geomorphology was analysed and two segments compared. The results show that the southern part has deeper bathymetric values, vary in geomorphic structure and has steeper gradient slopes comparing to the north, which is caused by the seismicity, volcanism, geologic and tectonic settings. Three full scripts of GMT, AWK and GNU Octave programming languages are presented for replicability in the Appendix.

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“…Further, the two‐sample line test of Wellner (, Example 1b) is useful in the analysis of structural data types such as bedding planes, lineations, and so forth. To our knowledge, it has been applied only a handful of times in geology, and only by users of our software (Roberts et al, ; Stetson‐Lee, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Deformation in an Oceanic Transform System: Applying Statistical Tools to Structural and Paleomagnetic Data Near the Húsavík‐Flatey Fault, Northern Iceland

et al. 2018

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The right-lateral Húsavík-Flatey fault is part of the Tjörnes Fracture Zone, which links the offshore and onshore rift axes in northern Iceland. There has been debate about whether rocks near this fault have accommodated distributed off-fault deformation, which is testable using paleomagnetic data. Recent studies from Flateyjarskagi show clockwise declination deflections that are largest near the fault. We augment these data with new structural and paleomagnetic measurements from 106 lava flows across three peninsulas-Flateyjarskagi, Tröllaskagi, and Tjörnes-also finding clockwise deflections that vary with distance from the fault. To test whether the deflections could be caused by off-fault deformation, we combine our measurements with other regional data sets, applying several statistical tools including regressions of structural or paleomagnetic directions versus fault-normal distance. To evaluate the significance and uncertainties of the regressions, we use permutation tests and bootstrapping. For Flateyjarskagi, our analysis suggests that lavas and dikes were deformed together; the regression results predict 4 ∘ -6 ∘ of rotation per kilometer about a steep, but not vertical, axis. Rocks on Tröllaskagi hint at similar spatial patterns with fault distance, but the data quality precludes a full analysis. Rocks on Tjörnes show no spatial patterns, but they preserve a temporal history, where rotation seems to have ceased after deposition of the Pliocene-age Tjörnes beds. Using constraints from our statistical analyses, geochronology, and comparisons with the transform system in southern Iceland, we propose several modifications to models for the evolution of axial rift zones in northern Iceland.

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The utility of statistical analysis in structural geology

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Gebco Gridded Bathymetric Datasets for Mapping Japan Trench Geomorphology by Means of GMT Scripting Toolset

Gebco Gridded Bathymetric Datasets for Mapping Japan Trench Geomorphology by Means of GMT Scripting Toolset

Awk and Gnu Octave Programming Languagesintegrated With Generic Mapping Tools for Geomorphological Analysis

Distributed Deformation in an Oceanic Transform System: Applying Statistical Tools to Structural and Paleomagnetic Data Near the Húsavík‐Flatey Fault, Northern Iceland

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