The Utilisation of Citrates and the Fermentation of Cellobiose by Strains of<i>Bacterium Coli</i>Isolated from Human Faeces

Skinner, Charles E.; Brudnoy, H. G.

doi:10.1017/s0022172400018246

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…They ferment cellobiose, but fail to utilize citrate. Similar cultures have been isolated from soil by Koser (1926); from human feces by Skinner and Brudnoy (1932), 360 RALPH P. TITTSLER AND LESLIE A. SANDHOLZER and from water by Poe (1934). These strains are similar to typical members of the Escherichia genus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Studies on the Escherichia-Aerobacter Intermediates

Tittsler

Sandholzer

1935

J Bacteriol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Studies on the Escherichia-Aerobacter Intermediates

Tittsler

Sandholzer

1935

J Bacteriol

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“…Skinner & Brudnoy (1932) isolated nearly 11 % of citrate utilizers among 585 strains of lactose-fermenting bacilli from human faeces, Cruickshank (1930) found that ninety-eight out of 135 samples of human stools yielded aerogenes and Gray (1932) isolated this organism from thirty-seven of forty similar specimens by preliminary incubation in citrate medium followed by plating on MacConkey agar. Hill and his co-workers (1929) isolated more than 39 % aerogenes among 200 strains of Gram-negative bacilli from genito-urinary infections and Burke-Gaffney (1933) found that 8% of 500 faecal and 52 % of 1000 urinary strains were aerogenes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of coliform organisms found in chlorinated and in non-chlorinated swimming bath water

Bardsley

1938

Epidemiol. Infect.

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(With 3 Figures in the Text)IN a former series of water examinations (Bardsley, 1934) it was noted that a larger number of Bact. lactis aerogenes was obtained from swimming baths which had been chlorinated than from upland surface supplies or from wells and springs. It was suggested that the higher aerogenes content might be due to resistance of this organism to the action of chlorine.A further series of examinations has since been carried out on 386 samples of which 339 were collected from chlorinated and forty-seven from nonchlorinated baths in Manchester, and a number of experiments have been made to test the effect of chlorine on certain bacilli of the coliform group. PURIFICATION OF THE SWIMMING BATHSThe open-air pools were not filtered or treated chemically, but about once a month, or oftener, if the bacteriological results indicated it, the baths were emptied and scrubbed out with chloride of lime.The general principle of purification in the indoor baths was continuous filtration and chlorination similar to the system recommended by the Ministry of Health (1929). The water from the deep end of the bath was pumped to an aerating sprinkler suspended over a large iron collecting tank on the roof of the building. After aeration alumino-ferric was added to precipitate the solids and soda ash to maintain alkalinity. The coarse sand filters were of the " Bell " type. They were washed at least twice a week and opened daily for inspection. The filtered water was steam-heated and treated with chlorine gas or with chlorine in the form of "Chloros" (sodium hypochlorite) which was introduced by a continuous dropping method into the pipes leading from the filters. The purified water entered on the floor of the bath at the shallow end and caused constant bubbling on the surface.The whole contents of the bath should pass through the purification system about once every 4 hours. The tiles at the bottom were scrubbed daily and any surface scum removed with a hose pipe and a skimming pole. The pH of the water should lie between 7 and 7*6, and the temperature should be about 72°F.

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“…The high incidence of Aerobacter was unexpected, Skinner and Brudnoy (1932) found only 3 out of 585 cultures of coliforms isolated at random from feces of 585 persons to be Aerobacter. Others usually have not found as many A erobacter as we did in the present study.…”

Section: Taken Miaterials An-i) Miethodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Escherichia coli as delimited in Bergey's Mllanual of Determinative Bacteriology (Breed et al, 1948) and "fecal coliforms" are not synonymous. Skinner and Brudnoy (1932) have shown that more than 10 per cent of the Escherichia strains isolated from human feces were described in Bergey's Mllanual of Determinative Bacteriology (Breed et al, 1948) as E. freundii. A medium may be inhibitory to the organisms Inot desired, but such an agent may still inhibit many or most of the cells of the desired species.…”

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confidence: 99%