Post-lung resection air leaks remain one of the most common complications resulting in delay of hospital discharge (1). They result from an alveolar-pleural fistula, and in most instances, will heal spontaneously. Prolonged air leaks (PAL) have been defined as lasting more than 5 days after surgery (2). Despite multiple advances in lung resection, including the use of stapling devices, sealants and approaches without fissure dissection, thoracic surgeons continue to be plagued by air leaks. Over 50% of patients undergoing lung resection will have an air leak within the first 24 hours after surgery (2-4) and up to 15% of patients will have a PAL (5). Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs must be designed to deal with air leaks in a systemic, evidencebased manner. Management of air leaks spans from the preoperative assessment to predict patients at high risk of PAL, intraoperative maneuvers to prevent parenchymal air leaks and postoperative management to reduce the duration of an air leak. This manuscript will focus on the two components of postoperative management of PAL: (I) accurate assessment of the air leak, and (II) management of a true alveolar-pleural fistula. Air leak assessment The accurate measurement of an air leak following lung resection has come to the forefront of ERAS programs. Traditional analogue devices only allow for a subjective static assessment of air leaks. Digital devices have allowed more objective measurements of air leaks by measuring