The Usefulness of Gaze Tracking as an Index of Visual Field Reliability in Glaucoma Patients

Ishiyama, Yukako; Murata, Hiroshi; Asaoka, Ryo

doi:10.1167/iovs.15-17661

Cited by 39 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…[9, 10] The MP-3 microperimeter predefines retinal positions and is equipped with an auto-tracking system. As a result, a stimulus can be projected onto these predefined retinal positions mitigating the problem of eye movements during the VF measurement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing Visual Fields in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa Using a Novel Microperimeter with Eye Tracking: The MP-3

Igarashi¹,

Matsuura²,

Hashimoto³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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PurposeThe purpose of the current study is to investigate the test-retest reproducibility of visual fields (VFs) measured with the MP-3 microperimeter, in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).MethodVFs were twice measured with the MP-3 and also the Humphrey Field Analyzer, using the 10–2 test grid pattern in both perimeters, in 30 eyes (15 right and 15 left eyes) of 18 RP patients (11 males and 7 females). Test-retest reproducibility was assessed using the mean absolute deviation (MAD) measure at all 68 points in the test grid. Reproducibility was also evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of VF sensitivities.ResultThe mean sensitivity measured in the HFA 10–2 was significantly higher than that measured in the MP-3 in both the first and second VF tests (p <0.0001, linear mixed model). The MAD was 2.4±0.6 [1.1 to 3.6] dB for MP-3 and 2.4±0.9 [1.1 to 5.1] dB for HFA 10–2, which was not significantly different (p = 0.76, linear mixed model). The ICC value associated with the MP-3 VFs was 0.81±0.13 [0.49 to 0.98], which was significantly larger than that observed for the HFA 10–2 VFs: 0.77±0.19 [0.20 to 0.94] (p = 0.043, linear mixed model).ConclusionThe MP-3 microperimeter appears to be useful to evaluate central visual function in RP eyes, exhibiting test-retest reproducibility that is equal to, or better than, that observed in HFA 10–2 VFs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, we have recently reported that eye movements during the VF test are closely related to unreliable VF results and under-estimation of VF sensitivity. [9, 10]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Visual Fields in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa Using a Novel Microperimeter with Eye Tracking: The MP-3

Igarashi¹,

Matsuura²,

Hashimoto³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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“…In particular, fixation behavior exceeding 3° tended to have a lower mean deviation value [24] and was influenced by the structure-function relationship analysis [25]. In the current study, a weak significant correlation was demonstrated between fixation behavior and threshold variability expressed as RMSE for the Point and Cross targets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The study of large number of glaucoma patients by Ishiyama et al [24–26] reported that the gaze tracking waveform recorded by the HFA influenced the reliability of the results of visual field tests. In particular, fixation behavior exceeding 3° tended to have a lower mean deviation value [24] and was influenced by the structure-function relationship analysis [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smaller Fixation Target Size Is Associated with More Stable Fixation and Less Variance in Threshold Sensitivity

et al. 2016

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The aims of this randomized observational case control study were to quantify fixation behavior during standard automated perimetry (SAP) with different fixation targets and to evaluate the relationship between fixation behavior and threshold variability at each test point in healthy young participants experienced with perimetry. SAP was performed on the right eyes of 29 participants using the Octopus 900 perimeter, program 32, dynamic strategy. The fixation targets of Point, Cross, and Ring were used for SAP. Fixation behavior was recorded using a wearable eye-tracking glass. All participants underwent SAP twice with each fixation target in a random fashion. Fixation behavior was quantified by calculating the bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA) and the frequency of deviation from the fixation target. The BCEAs (deg2) of Point, Cross, and Ring targets were 1.11, 1.46, and 2.02, respectively. In all cases, BCEA increased significantly with increasing fixation target size (p < 0.05). The logarithmic value of BCEA demonstrated the same tendency (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was identified between fixation behavior and threshold variability for the Point and Cross targets (ρ = 0.413–0.534, p < 0.05). Fixation behavior increased with increasing fixation target size. Moreover, a larger fixation behavior tended to be associated with a higher threshold variability. A small fixation target is recommended during the visual field test.

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“…Previous studies [23,36] also found that image quality was lower in the glaucoma group than in the normal group. The reason for this is not clear and may be because glaucoma patients have decreased fixation stability [37,38] and their eye movements could affect image quality [23]. Moreover, when eyes had a +2.00D overcorrection, the internal fixation target became blurred and the fixation stability decreased further.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Refractive Correction Error on Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness: A Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography Study

Chen

Liu

et al. 2016

Med Sci Monit

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BackgroundIdentifying and assessing retinal nerve fiber layer defects are important for diagnosing and managing glaucoma. We aimed to investigate the effect of refractive correction error on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured with Spectralis spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).Material/MethodsWe included 68 participants: 32 healthy (normal) and 36 glaucoma patients. RNFL thickness was measured using Spectralis SD-OCT circular scan. Measurements were made with a refractive correction of the spherical equivalent (SE), the SE+2.00D and the SE–2.00D.ResultsAverage RNFL thickness was significantly higher in the normal group (105.88±10.47 μm) than in the glaucoma group (67.67±17.27 μm, P<0.001). In the normal group, +2.00D of refractive correction error significantly affected measurements of average (P<0.001) and inferior quadrant (P=0.037) RNFL thickness. In the glaucoma group, +2.00D of refractive correction error significantly increased average (P<0.001) and individual quadrant (superior: P=0.016; temporal: P=0.004; inferior: P=0.008; nasal: P=0.003) RNFL measurements compared with those made with the proper refractive correction. However, −2.00D of refractive correction error did not significantly affect RNFL thickness measurements in either group.ConclusionsPositive defocus error significantly affects RNFL thickness measurements made by the Spectralis SD-OCT. Negative defocus error did not affect RNFL measurement examined. Careful correction of refractive error is necessary to obtain accurate baseline and follow-up RNFL thickness measurements in healthy and glaucomatous eyes.

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The Usefulness of Gaze Tracking as an Index of Visual Field Reliability in Glaucoma Patients

Abstract: High FL and FP rates tend to raise MD values. By contrast, high values of move(3-5), move(≥6), TFF, BF, and PSD tend to lower MD values. Thus, GT parameters can be used as new indices of VF reliability through the prediction of over- or underestimation of VF results.

Cited by 39 publications

References 17 publications

Assessing Visual Fields in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa Using a Novel Microperimeter with Eye Tracking: The MP-3

Assessing Visual Fields in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa Using a Novel Microperimeter with Eye Tracking: The MP-3

Smaller Fixation Target Size Is Associated with More Stable Fixation and Less Variance in Threshold Sensitivity

Effect of Refractive Correction Error on Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness: A Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography Study

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