The use of X-ray densitometry to evaluate the wood density profile of Tectona grandis trees growing in fast-growth plantations

Energetic characterization and radiographic analysis of torrefied coated MDF residues

“…Plotting the 3D density surface by colors and lines of the rainbow scale allowed for greater color contrast and study of the density variation in the 3D scale, compared to the gray scale. The three-dimensional structure of the internal region of the materials studied (MDF) and the increased speed of data analysis confirm satisfactory results, with the use of the 3D scale to study the density of wood and its growth rings and the seed integrity 22 , 25 . The use of X-ray images, in gray scale or with color gradient in 2D and 3D, are non-destructive and important methods as an additional methodology to the traditional laboratory technological characterization 19 , 22 , 25 .…”

“…The three-dimensional structure of the internal region of the materials studied (MDF) and the increased speed of data analysis confirm satisfactory results, with the use of the 3D scale to study the density of wood and its growth rings and the seed integrity 22 , 25 . The use of X-ray images, in gray scale or with color gradient in 2D and 3D, are non-destructive and important methods as an additional methodology to the traditional laboratory technological characterization 19 , 22 , 25 . The proposed method provides a quick, easy to interpret and reliable solution to assess the apparent density, by X-rays, of torrefied coated MDF residues from digital images.…”

“…X-ray densitometry, used in odontology, orthopedy, zoology and zootechnology, is a non-destructive method 24 . This method can characterize and evaluate the deterioration of eucalyptus wood by white rot fungi, detect the heartwood-sapwood limits, the effect of forest management on wood properties, annual biomass production and the relation with its anatomical structure 19 , 22 , 25 .…”

Quality of Pinus sp. pellets with kraft lignin and starch addition

“…The wood product quality can be evaluated using non-destructive methods such as the digital X-ray images used in fields such as dentistry, orthopedics, zoology and zootechnology 26 . X-ray densitometry has been used to characterize and evaluate the deterioration of the eucalyptus wood due to white rot fungi, and to detect the limits of the heartwood-sapwood, the effect of forest management on the wood properties, the annual production of biomass and the relation with its anatomical structure 27 – 29 . However, this technique is under-used for evaluating the internal density of solid biofuels such as briquettes and pellets 25 , 30 , 31 .…”

“…characterize and evaluate the deterioration of the eucalyptus wood due to white rot fungi, and to detect the limits of the heartwood-sapwood, the effect of forest management on the wood properties, the annual production of biomass and the relation with its anatomical structure [27][28][29] . However, this technique is under-used for evaluating the internal density of solid biofuels such as briquettes and pellets 25,30,31 .…”