The use of written transcripts in powerful and powerless language research

Placement and frequency of powerless talk and impression formation

“…That is, previous studies or powerless language effects have consistently obtained nearly identical outcomes across written and oral conditions (Erickson et al, 1978;O'Barr, 1982;Vinson& Johnson, 1989).…”

Speech style and occupational status affect assessments of eyewitness testimony

“…This finding was consistent whether the jurors read a trial transcript or listened to an audiotape of the trial proceedings. Vinson and Johnson () later replicated these results; however, they found that there was a significant difference in credibility ratings between the written transcript and audio transcript. While credibility ratings were still quite low when the witness exhibited a powerless speech style, jurors who listened to audio transcripts rated his testimony as more credible than jurors who read the same testimony in a trial transcript.…”

“…The present study builds upon Erickson et al. () and Vinson and Johnson () by asking mock jurors to assess a video of an eyewitness's testimony so they can take nonverbal behaviors into account just as real jurors would.…”

“…The current study was designed to examine (1) whether speech style impacts jurors' assessment of eyewitness testimony and defendant culpability, and (2) whether the eyewitness's occupational status mitigates, enhances, or eliminates the effect of speech style in evaluating the eyewitness. Based on the trends from Vinson and Johnson's () work and Kenrick et al. 's () review of the influence of authority figures, it was predicted that (1) a powerless speech style will degrade mock jurors' evaluations of the eyewitness's accuracy and the prosecution's case in comparison with a powerful speech style (i.e., there will be a main effect of speech style), (2) high occupational status will lead to more positive evaluations of the eyewitness and prosecution's case than low occupational status or a control group (i.e., there will be a main effect of occupational status), and (3) an interaction between speech style and occupational status will emerge demonstrating that the eyewitness and the prosecution's case are viewed most favorably when a powerful speech style is combined with high occupational status.…”

Hedging Research in Pragmatics: A Bibliographical Research Guide to Hedging

“…Communication research: Aijmer (1987), Bradac/Hemphill/Tardy (1981), Brooke/Ng (1986), Cameron (1992), Coates (1989), Crismore/Vande Kopple (1988), Di Pietro (1982, Erickson/Lind/ Johnson/O'Barr (1978), Hagge/Kostelnick (1989), Herbert (1990), Holmes (1986), Holmes (1990), Hosman (1989), Hosman/Wright (1987), Kramarae (1992), R.T. Lakoff (1977), Loewenberg (1982), McMullen/Pasloski (1992), Preisler (1986), Rasmussen/Moely (1986), Rieger (1989), Semiloff (1977), Vinson/Johnson (1989), Wright/Hosman (1983). Academic communication research: Bell/Zahn/Hopper (1984), Busch-Lauer (1994), Butler (1990), Channel (1990), Clyne (1991), Dubois (1987), Duszak (1994), Fiedler (1985), Gilbert/Mulkay (1984), Grabe/Kaplan (in the present volume), von Hahn (1983), Hyland (1994), Janney/Arndt (1993), Köhler (1981), Kretzenbacher (1991), Lachowicz (1981), Liebert (1994), Lindeberg (1994), Luukka/Markkanen (in the present volume), Markkanen/Schröder (1992), Master (1991), Mauranen (in the present volume), Meyer (1989), , Meyer (in the present volume), …”