The use of vector sensors for underwater port and waterway security

Shipps, J.C.; Abraham, Bruce M.

doi:10.1109/sficon.2004.1287125

Cited by 52 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…However, in the past, vector hydrophone using conventional PZT ceramics for TASS could not meet the Navy's requirements due to limitations in the sensor's signal-to-noise ratio, large size, and associated issues with neutral buoyancy [93]. Thus, Clay et al [93,94] studied the PMN-PT crystal vector hydrophones and realized the miniaturized vector hydrophones satisfied Navy requirements, such as the frequency range of 3 Hz to 7 kHz, the sensitivity of −174 dB re V/μPa, and operating temperature range of −40 to 60 °C within the dimension of 71.3 mm in length and 40.7 mm in diameter. In their design, the PZT ring hydrophone for omnidirectional sensing was combined with three PMN-PT accelerometers along x, y, and z directions for pressure sensing.…”

Section: Vector Hydrophonementioning

confidence: 99%

Relaxor-PT Single Crystal Piezoelectric Sensors

Jiang

Kim

2014

Crystals

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Relaxor-PbTiO 3 piezoelectric single crystals have been widely used in a broad range of electromechanical devices, including piezoelectric sensors, actuators, and transducers. This paper reviews the unique properties of these single crystals for piezoelectric sensors. Design, fabrication and characterization of various relaxor-PT single crystal piezoelectric sensors and their applications are presented and compared with their piezoelectric ceramic counterparts. Newly applicable fields and future trends of relaxor-PT sensors are also suggested in this review paper.

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Section: Vector Hydrophonementioning

confidence: 99%

Relaxor-PT Single Crystal Piezoelectric Sensors

Jiang

Kim

2014

Crystals

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“…So the mechanical sensitivity of the vector hydrophone would be expressed as: S = 71.8 × 10-11σlVin/P (where Vin is the input voltage, and P is the sound pressure). 7 In order to obtain a maximum sensitivity, the piezo resistor cannot be placed in the maximum stress area and the nonlinear area. The stress of the MEMS hydrophone was analyzed using ANSYS where 1 Pa loads were added along the Y direction of the rigid cylinder and Z direction to the cantilever beam.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 Boston University designed a MEMS hydrophone, which can detect the sound field variation by detecting the reflected laser beam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced enhancement model of bionics fish cilia MEMS vector hydrophone-systematic analysis review

Eb¹,

Thangavel²

2018

MOJABB

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A bionic fish cilia median-low frequency three-dimensional MEMS vector hydrophone is reported in this paper. The piezo resistive reasonable position was obtained through finite element analysis by ANSYS and the structure was formed by MEMS processes including lithography, ion implantation, PECVD and etching etc. The standing wave barrel results show that the lowest sensitivity of the hydrophone is -200 dB and reach up to -160 dB (in which the voltage amplification factor is 300). It has a good frequency response characteristics in 25 Hz ∼1500 Hz band. Directivity tests displayed that the hydrophone has a good "8"-shaped directivity, in which the resolution is not less than 30 dB, and asymmetry of the maximum axial sensitivity value is less than 1.2 dB and this hydrophone has a good directional pattern in form of "8"-shapes. The experiment results show that the receiving sensitivity of the hydrophone is 197.7 dB (0 dB ¼ 1V/mPa). The novel hydrophone not only possesses satisfactory directional pattern as well as miniature structure, but also has good low-frequency characteristics, and satisfies the requirements for low-frequency acoustic measurement. Keywords

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“…Considering the structure of the pressure and particle velocity correlation matrices, respectively (3) and (4), and the results presented in [16] page 360 and [1], it is straightforward to demonstrate that the pressure P C p (Θ) and particle velocity P C v (Θ) MVDR estimator power are given by…”

Section: Vsa-mvdr Estimatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore vector sensors exhibit intrinsic spatial filtering capabilities, that for example allow vector sensor arrays to overcome the left-right ambiguity problem of linear hydrophone arrays. In the last decade, vector sensors have been also introduced in other underwater acoustic applications such as port and waterway security [4], underwater communications [5] and geoacoustic inversion [1], [6], [7]. State-of-the-art vector sensor devices are low size, operate over wide frequency bands of few Hz to several kHz and have large dynamic ranges [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the resolution of Bartlett and MVDR estimators for bottom parameter estimation using pressure and vector sensor short array data

Felisberto

Schneiderwind

Santos

et al. 2013

2013 MTS/IEEE OCEANS - Bergen

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Abstract-This work compares the resolution of a pressure and vector sensor based conventional Bartlett estimator, with their MVDR estimator counterparts, in the context of bottom characterization with a short vertical array. Santos et al. [1] demonstrated the gain of a vector sensor array (VSA) based linear estimator (Bartlett) for generic parameter estimation. Moreover, it was shown that for bottom characterization the highest resolution of the estimates were achieved with the vertical particle velocity measurements alone. The present work highlights the gain in parameter resolution of a VSA based MVDR estimator. It is shown, that also for a MVDR estimator, the vector sensor array data improves the resolution of parameter estimation. But, it is also shown, through simulations, that for bottom parameter estimation, the pressure based MVDR estimator has higher resolution and sidelobe attenuation than the VSA based Bartlett estimator. These results were verified for experimental data acquired by a four element, 30 cm long vertical VSA in the 8-14 kHz band, during the Makai Experiment 2005 sea trial, off Kauai I., Hawaii (USA).

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The use of vector sensors for underwater port and waterway security

Cited by 52 publications

References 1 publication

Relaxor-PT Single Crystal Piezoelectric Sensors

Relaxor-PT Single Crystal Piezoelectric Sensors

Advanced enhancement model of bionics fish cilia MEMS vector hydrophone-systematic analysis review

Comparing the resolution of Bartlett and MVDR estimators for bottom parameter estimation using pressure and vector sensor short array data

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