The Use of the Pain Drawing As a Screening Measure to Predict Psychological Distress in Chronic Low Back Pain

Parker, Helen M.; Wood, P. L. R.; Main, Chris J.

doi:10.1097/00007632-199501150-00022

Cited by 94 publications

(90 citation statements)

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“…The pain score method used in this study was a simplified version of those used by Margolis et al [22] and Parker et al [32], much like the simplified method suggested by Ohnmeiss et al [30]. Such scoring methods have been shown to have a very high reliability/repeatability [22,28,32], and furthermore offer the advantage that nonexperts can perform scoring, as it involves no clinical judgement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such scoring methods have been shown to have a very high reliability/repeatability [22,28,32], and furthermore offer the advantage that nonexperts can perform scoring, as it involves no clinical judgement. Using this simple method, we found no difference between the two treatment groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pain drawings have been used in spinal surgery for psychological evaluation of patients [8,18,32,40], for diagnostic purposes [5,29,30,31,33] and for prediction of outcome [15,23,24,37]. Few have used the pain drawing for evaluation of pain after spinal surgery.…”

Section: Pain 5 Years After Instrumented and Non-instrumented Posteromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several methods of interpretation have been applied. For psychological evaluation, the method described by Ransford et al [34] or modifications of it have been used [31,32,40]. The diagnostic value of the pain drawing is most often based on whether the pain markings correspond with relevant anatomical structures or not [3, 29,30,33,39].…”

Section: Pain 5 Years After Instrumented and Non-instrumented Posteromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1D), using a transparency overlay. The divisions were a modification of those used by Parker et al [32]. One point was allocated for the presence of one or more pain symbols within each division, resulting in a score range of 0-16.…”

Section: Pain Scorementioning

confidence: 99%

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Pain 5 years after instrumented and non-instrumented posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion

Andersen

Christensen

Hansen

et al. 2003

European Spine Journal

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IntroductionPosterolateral spinal fusion has become an evidence-based treatment of chronic low back pain caused by spondylolisthesis or spinal instability [12,26]. Although widely used, the beneficial effect on the clinical outcome of adding pedicle-screw fixation to the posterolateral spinal fusion has not yet been demonstrated [11,13,25,38]. All studies have shown reduction in pain and disability, but few have investigated the severity and localisation of residual pain several years after the procedure.Abstract Pain drawings have been used in spine surgery for diagnostic use and psychological evaluation of fusion candidates; they have rarely been used to evaluate pain status after spinal fusion. This study is a 5-year follow-up on a randomised clinical trial assigning patients to posterolateral spinal fusion with or without pedicle screw instrumentation. Patients were mailed a pain drawing and questionnaires including questions regarding work, social status, smoking status, the Dallas Pain Questionnaire (DPQ), and the Low Back Pain Rating Scale (LBPRS). Pain drawings were scored using a visual inspection method and a surfacebased point scoring and evaluated for the presence of donor site pain. Pain drawings from 109 patients (87% of the initially included patients), 56 men and 53 women, mean age at followup 51 years, were analysed. Fiftythree patients had undergone an instrumented fusion and 56 a non-instrumented fusion. Some presence of low back pain was marked by 79% and leg pain by 69%. Sixty-two percent of the pain drawings were classified as "organic" and 38% as "nonorganic". There was no difference between the instrumented and the uninstrumented group. DPQ and LBPRS scores were higher in the non-organic group (P=0.007). Using the point scoring, no difference between the instrumented and the uninstrumented group was seen. The results of the point scoring were found to correlate with the DPQ and LBPRS scores (P=0.001). Working patients (39%) had significantly better scores than the rest. Ten percent of the patients had donor site pain. Twenty percent of spinal fusion patients are totally pain free at 5-year follow-up. Ten percent still experience donor site pain. In general, instrumentation does not affect the amount and localisation of pain 5 years after lumbar spinal fusion surgery. The pain drawing seems to be a valuable tool when following spinal fusion patients, but its use as prognostic marker in connection with fusion surgery needs further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pain 5 Years After Instrumented and Non-instrumented Posteromentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pain 5 Years After Instrumented and Non-instrumented Posteromentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pain Scorementioning

confidence: 99%

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Pain 5 years after instrumented and non-instrumented posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion

Andersen

Christensen

Hansen

et al. 2003

European Spine Journal

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Test–retest reliability of pain extent and pain location using a novel method for pain drawing analysis

Barbero

Moresi²,

Leoni

et al. 2015

European Journal of Pain

144

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Objective and Subjective Measurement of Pain: Current Approaches for Forensic Applications

Sherman

Ohrbach

Psychological Knowledge in Court

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The Use of the Pain Drawing As a Screening Measure to Predict Psychological Distress in Chronic Low Back Pain

Cited by 94 publications

References 0 publications

Pain 5 years after instrumented and non-instrumented posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion

Pain 5 years after instrumented and non-instrumented posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion

Test–retest reliability of pain extent and pain location using a novel method for pain drawing analysis

Objective and Subjective Measurement of Pain: Current Approaches for Forensic Applications

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