Test–retest reliability of pain extent and pain location using a novel method for pain drawing analysis

Barbero, Marco; Moresi, Federica; Leoni, Diego; Gatti, Roberto; Egloff, Michele; Falla, Deborah

doi:10.1002/ejp.636

Cited by 94 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In fact, the results support that women may actually underestimate the extent of their pain distribution on masculine body charts. However, this may also be an indication of that widespread or multisite pain is more difficult to reproduce on 2 consecutive pain drawings than focal pain [14]. Whether this could increase the likelihood that women’s pain drawings are labelled as ‘nonorganic’, a condition that has been suggested to stem from a psychosocial disturbance, given that the criterion for this condition is a wide distribution of pain over many anatomic regions [25], is unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Is this difference in pain area between the genders a true depiction and is there any clinical relevance between the differences? Few studies, have employed gender-specific or more feminine body charts [14-16]; however, no studies have cross-validated a female to a male body chart nor investigated whether the patient prefers using gender-specific body charts for expressing and communicating their pain. Indeed, it has been proposed that men and women experience and communicate pain differently [17], the question is whether a female body chart provides the otherwise missing and necessary anatomical guidance required for women to more clearly and accurately express their pain; and if so, does the use of high-resolution, three-dimensional (3D) body charts further improve this form of communication?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do Gender-Specific and High-Resolution Three Dimensional Body Charts Facilitate the Communication of Pain for Women? A Quantitative and Qualitative Study

Egsgaard¹,

Christensen²,

Petersen³

et al. 2016

JMIR Hum Factors

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BackgroundChronic pain is more prevalent among women; however, the majority of standardized pain drawings are often collected using male-like androgynous body representations.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess whether gender-specific and high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) body charts facilitate the communication of pain for women.MethodsUsing mixed-methods and a cross-over design, female patients with chronic pain were asked to provide detailed drawings of their current pain on masculine and feminine two-dimensional (2D) body schemas (N=41, Part I) or on female 2D and 3D high-resolution body schemas (N=41, Part II) on a computer tablet. The consistency of the drawings between body charts were assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots. Semistructured interviews and a preference questionnaire were then used to obtain qualitative and quantitative responses of the drawing experience.ResultsThe consistency between body charts were high (Part I: ICC=0.980, Part II: ICC=0.994). The preference ratio for the masculine to feminine body schemas were 6:35 and 18:23 for the 2D to 3D female body charts. Patients reported that the 3D body chart enabled a more accurate expression of their pain due to the detailed contours of the musculature and bone structure, however, patients also reported the 3D body chart was too human and believed that skin-like appearance limited ‘deep pain’ expressions.ConclusionsProviding gender-specific body charts may facilitate the communication of pain and the level of detail (2D vs 3D body charts) should be used according to patients’ needs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Gender-Specific and High-Resolution Three Dimensional Body Charts Facilitate the Communication of Pain for Women? A Quantitative and Qualitative Study

Egsgaard¹,

Christensen²,

Petersen³

et al. 2016

JMIR Hum Factors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some methods to score PDs have been developed, aiming to quantify the pain area. These methods include the grid system (Margolis method), the classification into “organic” or “non‐organic” (Udén method), Ransford penalty points, Sivik penalty points, and, more recently, computerized assessment …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of computerized methods has facilitated the more precise measurement of pain extent and has made interpretation more standardized. Barbero et al . developed a method in which clinicians collect information about the pain area using a tablet and a predefined image of the human body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Paper to Digitalized Body Map: A Reliability Study of the Pain Area

Caseiro¹,

Woznowski-Vu

Oliveira

et al. 2019

Pain Practice

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Background Computerized methods to analyze pain drawings (PDs) have been developed and may aid to measure the pain area more precisely. Objective The aim of this study was to verify whether examiners can reproduce the patient's PDs with acceptable reliability. Methods This was an intra‐rater and inter‐rater reliability study. The protocol consisted of 4 steps: (1) scanning of paper PDs; (2) sharing the digitalized PD images between examiners; (3) reproducing the PD images in the sketching application; and (4) calculating the pain area in pixels and percentages. We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs; 2,1), the standard error of the measurement (SEM), and the smallest detectable difference (SDD). Results Reliability was tested using 31 PDs from 17 patients in our database (11 female [64.7%], mean age: 53.23 ± 11.57 years). Intra‐rater reliability varied from ICC (2,1) = 0.991 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.982 to 0.996; SEM = 3,432.45; SDD = 162.39 pixels; P < 0.001) to ICC (2,1) = 0.992 (95% CI = 0.978 to 0.997; SEM = 3,412.96; SDD = 161.93 pixels; P < 0.001). Inter‐rater reliability for the measurement between all examiners was considered excellent (ICC [2,1] = 0.976; 95% CI = 0.956 to 0.987; SEM =8,580.75; SDD = 256.76 pixels; P < 0.001), being higher between Examiners A and C (ICC [2,1] = 0.970; 95% CI = 0.936 to 0.986; SEM = 6,453.34; SDD = 222.67 pixels; P < 0.001). Conclusion Our results show that intra‐ and inter‐rater reliabilities were excellent when an examiner reproduced the paper PDs into digitalized PDs. This process gives clinicians and researchers the opportunity to analyze pain extent more precisely using a computerized method.

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“…Neubert et al using PDs from different chronic pain populations, found ICCs from 0.92 to 0.97 for pain extent [11,21]. Which drawing is "correct"?…”

Section: Comparison Of Patients' and Doctors' Drawingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Pain Drawings Can Improve Doctors’ Understanding of Acute Pain Patients: Survey and Pain Drawing Analysis (Preprint)

Shaballout¹,

Aloumar²,

Neubert³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Test–retest reliability of pain extent and pain location using a novel method for pain drawing analysis

Abstract: A novel method for the acquisition of PD was presented. Test-retest reliability of reporting pain extent and pain location was supported in people with CNP and CLBP. Future research is needed to establish psychometric properties of PD.

Cited by 94 publications

References 28 publications

Do Gender-Specific and High-Resolution Three Dimensional Body Charts Facilitate the Communication of Pain for Women? A Quantitative and Qualitative Study

Do Gender-Specific and High-Resolution Three Dimensional Body Charts Facilitate the Communication of Pain for Women? A Quantitative and Qualitative Study

From Paper to Digitalized Body Map: A Reliability Study of the Pain Area

Digital Pain Drawings Can Improve Doctors’ Understanding of Acute Pain Patients: Survey and Pain Drawing Analysis (Preprint)

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