The use of the California Psychological Inventory in a university counseling service.

Personality differences between students who do and do not use a counseling facility.

“…Discussion Previous studies have shown personality differences between those students who do and do not use counseling facilities. Such differences have been in the area of adjustment (Gaudet & Kulick, 1945) and social behavior (Goodstein et al, 1960). The present study points to differences between these groups which appear to be related more to preferences in perceptual and cognitive approach.…”

“…There are relatively few studies reported in the literature which attempt to assess personality differences between students who do and do not seek counseling assistance. The study of Goodstein et al (1960) indicates that differences exist in California Psychological Inventory patterns between students who seek counseling for personal change or to improve adjustment, those who seek vocational-educational help and those who do not utilize counseling services at all. According to the authors, the lastnamed group seemed best adjusted, while the vocational-educational group occupied a position midway between the other two.…”

The validity of two-scale pattern interpretation on the California Psychological Inventory.

“…Since the scales are nearly all keyed so high scores indicate positive behaviors and low scores suggest negative attributes, the overall profile elevation should be positively related to level of adjustment. Goodstein, Crites, Heilbrun, and Rempel (1961) found support for this assumption by showing the expected profile elevation differences between three groups of college students clearly differing in level of adjustment (i.e., counseling service personal adjustment clients, counseling service vocational-educational clients, and college normals).…”

The Cognitive Foundations of Personality Traits

“…For the code of the CPI scales, see Table 8. bThe assumption that Wb assesses denial of one's emotions may help to resolve the apparent contradiction between findings that show that high scorers on Wb are healthier than low scorers (Canter, 1963;Goodstein, Crites, Heilbrun, & Rempel, 1961;Gough, 1969b) and findings that show no difference in mental health between high and low scorers (Lorei, 1964;Stewart, 1962). Megargee (1972, p. 52) mentioned Gough's suggestion that Wb assesses a state rather than a trait but was skeptical about it.…”