The Use of Synergized Pyrethroids to Control Insect Pests in and Around Domestic, Industrial and Food-handling Premises

Wickham, John C.

doi:10.1016/b978-012286975-4/50017-6

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This increase in values was determined in almost all populations, and it was found to be significant in some insecticides. These findings are similar to several other studies (Farnham 1998;Stewart 1998;Wickham 1998;Kasai and Scott 2000;Pap et. al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Deltamethrin-PBO synergism was investigated and found to be significant for particular knockdown effect percentage values. These findings showed the importance of PBO for increasing the biological activity of synthetic pyrethroids (Hodgson and Levi 1998;Wickham 1998;Pap et. al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…It is primarily used as a synergist in space spray, residual, and admixture products for the control of insect pests in or around domestic and commercial premises, especially food preparation areas (Farnham 1998;Wickham 1998;Pap et al 2001). It has a synergistic action with the major classes of insecticides, such as pyrethrins, pyrethroids, carbamates, organophosphates, and many insect growth regulators (Keane 1998;Tomlin 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, PBO is usually used in combination with some synthetic pyrethroids, such as bioallethrin, s-bioallethrin, and tetramethrin. These synthetic pyrethroids are known knockdown agents, and PBO + knockdown agent combination can provide strong knockdown and killing activity against target species (Showyin 1998;Wickham 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has high efficacy as a synergist with a wide range of insecticides, it has excellent stability during storage and in insecticide formulations, and it has a very wide range of uses on humans, animals, birds, and plants, as well as in food storage (Tozzi 1998;Wickham 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Piperonyl Butoxide and Tetramethrin Combinations on Biological Activities of Selected Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticides against Different Housefly (Musca domestica L., Diptera: Muscidae) Populations

2008

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Piperonyl butoxide (PBO), a methylenedioxyphenyl compound, is primarily used as a synergist in combination with space spray, residual and admixture products for the control of insect pests in or around domestic and commercial premises, especially food preparation areas. Also, tetramethrin is known as a knockdown agent on target organism and it is generally used with piperonyl butoxide. In this study, effects of piperonyl butoxide and tetramethrin combinations on biological activities of synthetic pyrethroids, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and permethrin against different housefly (Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758) populations were evaluated. In addition, the biological efficiency of the insecticides used in the study, insecticide + PBO and insecticide + PBO + tetramethrin combinations, against the WHO standard sensitive housefly population and housefly populations collected from different parts of Turkey were compared.Results showed that PBO extensively promoted the ratio of knockdown and killing effect values of the insecticides. The results also indicated that PBO and PBO + tetramethrin combinations moderately reduced the knockdown effect times of all formulation in all housefly populations. The knockdown effect times were more decreased by insecticide + PBO + tetramethrin combinations than insecticides that are used alone and insecticide + PBO combinations. Pest control, insect control, synergism, Turkey insects, fight against insect vectors of disease

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Piperonyl Butoxide and Tetramethrin Combinations on Biological Activities of Selected Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticides against Different Housefly (Musca domestica L., Diptera: Muscidae) Populations

2008

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Synergistic effect of piperonyl butoxide on acute toxicity of pyrethrins to Hyalella azteca

Giddings¹,

Gagne²,

Sharp³

2016

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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A series of acute toxicity tests with the amphipod Hyalella azteca was performed to quantify the synergistic effect of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) on pyrethrin toxicity. Concentrations of PBO <4 µg/L caused no toxicity enhancement, whereas toxicity increased with PBO concentrations between 4 µg/L and 15 µg/L. Additive toxicity calculations showed that true synergism accounted for an increase in pyrethrin toxicity (decrease in median lethal concentration) of 1.4-fold to 1.6-fold and varied only slightly between 4 µg/L and 15 µg/L PBO, whereas direct toxicity of PBO accounted for an additional increase in mixture toxicity (up to 3.2-fold) that was proportional to PBO concentration. The results can be used to assess the risk of measured or predicted co-occurring concentrations of PBO and pyrethrins in surface waters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2111-2116. © 2016 SETAC.

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Evaluation of pesticide residues in commercial Swiss beeswax collected in 2019 using ultra-high performance liquid chromatographic analysis

Marti

Kilchenmann

Kast

2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The aim of this study was to determine residue levels of pesticides in Swiss commercial beeswax. Foundation samples were collected in 2019 from nine commercial manufacturers for analysis of 21 pesticides using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. Individual samples showed the variability and residue ranges and pooled samples represented the average annual residue values of the Swiss production. In total, 17 pesticides were identified and 13 pesticides were quantified. They included 13 acaricides and/or insecticides, two fungicides as well as a synergist and a repellent. The means calculated from individual samples were similar to the average annual residue values for most tested pesticides. Mean values of 401, 236, 106 and 3 μg·kg−1 were obtained for the beekeeping-associated contaminants coumaphos, tau-fluvalinate, bromopropylate and N-(2,4-Dimethylphenyl)-formamide (DMF; breakdown product of amitraz), respectively. For the other pesticides, the mean values were 203 μg·kg−1 (synergist piperonyl butoxide), 120 μg·kg−1 (repellent N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide, DEET), 19 μg·kg−1 (chlorfenvinphos) and 4 μg·kg−1 ((E)-fenpyroximate), while the means for acrinathrin, azoxystrobin, bendiocarb, boscalid, chlorpyrifos, flumethrin, permethrin, propoxur and thiacloprid were below the limit of quantification (< LOQ). Individual samples contained from seven to 14 pesticides. The ranges of values for coumaphos and piperonyl butoxide (from 14 to 4270 μg·kg−1; from 6 to 1555 μg·kg−1, respectively) were larger as compared to the ranges of values for DEET and tau-fluvalinate (from < LOQ to 585 μg·kg−1; from 16 to 572 μg·kg−1, respectively). In conclusion, the most prominent contaminants were the pesticides coumaphos and tau-fluvalinate, which are both acaricides with previous authorization for beekeeping in Switzerland, followed by piperonyl butoxide, a synergist to enhance the effect of insecticides. Graphical abstract

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The Use of Synergized Pyrethroids to Control Insect Pests in and Around Domestic, Industrial and Food-handling Premises

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

Effects of Piperonyl Butoxide and Tetramethrin Combinations on Biological Activities of Selected Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticides against Different Housefly (Musca domestica L., Diptera: Muscidae) Populations

Effects of Piperonyl Butoxide and Tetramethrin Combinations on Biological Activities of Selected Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticides against Different Housefly (Musca domestica L., Diptera: Muscidae) Populations

Synergistic effect of piperonyl butoxide on acute toxicity of pyrethrins to Hyalella azteca

Evaluation of pesticide residues in commercial Swiss beeswax collected in 2019 using ultra-high performance liquid chromatographic analysis

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