The Use of Sorghum and Corn as Alternatives to Rice in Dog Foods

Twomey, L N; Pethick, D.W.; Rowe, Jeffrey E.; Choct, Mingan; Pluske, J.R.; Brown, Wendy; Laviste, Maria C

doi:10.1093/jn/132.6.1704s

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Hagerman et al [41] observed a reduction in the digestibility of CP in sheep fed a diet containing CT, HT did not present the same effects. The reduction in DE and ME of the diets containing sorghum observed in this study concurs with previous studies [42]. DE and ME tend to decrease with the increase of dietary tannin content, through the formation of complexes with carbohydrates, reducing the activity of the amylolytic enzymes and their energetic use [43].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of partial substitution of rice with sorghum and inclusion of hydrolyzable tannins on digestibility and postprandial glycemia in adult dogs

Teixeira

Pinto

Kessler

et al. 2018

Preprint

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22Sorghum is used as a substitute of rice in dog food, owing to its nutritional similarity 23 and low cost. However, its use has been associated with negative effects, like a reduction in 24 palatability, digestibility, and enzyme activity, which can decrease nutrient absorption. The 25 presence of condensed tannins (CT) in sorghum may cause these effects. Another tannin group, 26 the hydrolysable tannins (HT), is known for its antioxidant properties. Research has shown the 27 nutritional effects of sorghum on dogs, but the effect of HT on dogs remains unknown. We 28 evaluated the effects of substituting rice with sorghum containing CT and inclusion of 29 commercial extract of HT on digestibility, fecal and urinary characteristics, and postprandial 30 blood glucose levels in adult dogs. Nine adult Beagle were randomly subjected to 4 treatments: 31 (R) 50% rice; (RS) 25% rice + 25% sorghum; (RHT) 50% rice + 0.10% HT; (RSHT) 25% rice 32 + 25% sorghum + 0,10% HT. Tannins did not affect food intake. The digestibility of dry matter, 33 organic matter, crude protein, acid hydrolyzed fat, gross energy, and metabolizable energy 34 (ME) decreased with sorghum inclusion (P < 0.05). Sorghum also decreased protein 35 digestibility (P < 0.05). Greater fecal dry matter was observed with the RHT diet. HT associated 36 with sorghum reduced ME (P < 0.05). Sorghum inclusion enhanced fecal output, without 37 altering fecal score (P > 0.05). No alterations in urinary characteristics were observed. Sorghum 38 and HT did not affect the postprandial blood glucose response measured by the area under the 39 curve (P > 0.05). The substitution of rice by sorghum negatively affected protein absorption 40 and ME of the diets. Sorghum can be considered as a good source of carbohydrates in 41 therapeutic diets for weight control. HT may potentiate the effect of CT, but more research is 42 needed to evaluate its potential use in dog nutrition. 43 44 46Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for most commercial dry-extruded diets 47 for adult dogs, with cereal grains representing 30 -60% of the final formula [1]. Rice is a 48 functional ingredient regularly used in extruded dog food, due to its high digestibility. But, 49 with the growing pet population over the past years, as well as the pet food industry, the search 50 for alternative ingredients to provide nutritional quality and functional properties is becoming 51 increasingly important [2]. 52In this scenario, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) appears as a viable option 53 owing to its high productivity per hectare, drought tolerance, resistance to pests, good 54 nutritional value, and lower cost of production, when compared with rice and corn [3]. 55Sorghum is commonly used-partially or wholly-as a source of energy in diets for non-56 ruminant animals, such as pigs and poultry [4,5]. It has been associated with some negative 57 effects, however, especially on animal performance. Research has shown that those negative 58 effects are linked to the presence of phenolic compoun...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of partial substitution of rice with sorghum and inclusion of hydrolyzable tannins on digestibility and postprandial glycemia in adult dogs

Teixeira

Pinto

Kessler

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…Unpolished cereal grains have a relatively high content in non-starch polysaccharides such as arabinoxylans and β-glucans (Blakeney and Flinn, 2005), whereas the NSP content in rice has been reported to be very small (Englyst et al, 1983), which may explain some of these observations. Additionally, compared to rice, starch in sorghum and maize is known to be less digestible due to a resistant starch-protein matrix and a protective effect of their non-starch polysaccharides (Twomey et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of double-choice feeding to quantify feed ingredient preferences in pigs

Solà-Oriol¹,

Roura²,

Torrallardona³

2009

Livestock Science

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“…The discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo results was presumably caused by the fact that faeces do not contain only protein of dietary origin, but also bacteria and other endogenous protein sources (mainly sloughed off intestinal cells and digestive enzymes), leading to an underestimation of protein digestibility (Crampton & Rutherford 1954). The presence of dietary fibre (Burrows et al 1982) and protein digestibility are the factors that most affect the digestibility of a commercial food for dogs, because the digestibility of starch, if it has been properly cooked, and fat is in general very high (Twomey et al 2002;Vhile et al 2007). Protein digestibility of a commercial pet food may be negatively affected by the utilisation of poor protein sources (Cramer et al 2007) and an excessive heat treatment (Opstvedt et al 1984).…”

Section: Validation Of the In Vitro Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A newin vitromethod to evaluate digestibility of commercial diets for dogs

Biagi

Cipollini

Grandi

et al. 2016

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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The aim of the present study was to develop a new in vitro method for evaluating the digestibility of commercial diets for dogs. First, in order to develop the in vitro method, the digestibility of four commercial diets for dogs was evaluated through several in vitro trials and results were compared with those that were retrieved from the literature. The in vitro method that was developed consists of two incubation phases, a first lasting 2h and taking place in the presence of pepsin, gastric lipase and HCl (gastric phase) and a second 4h one with pancreatin and bile salts (intestinal phase). Later, digestibility of 16 extruded diets for dogs was evaluated both in vivo with adult dogs and in vitro. There was a close linear relationship between in vivo total tract and in vitro dry matter digestibility (r 2 ¼ .81), whereas accuracy of crude protein digestibility using the in vitro method was lower (r 2 ¼ .51). Linear regression accuracy for ether extract and starch digestibility was low, but the digestibility results obtained with the in vitro method (95.3 and 98.7% for ether extract and starch, respectively) were very close to those from the in vivo trial (average digestibility of ether extract and starch was 94.8 and 99.1%, respectively). The present in vitro method has proved to be a relatively simple, quick procedure for predicting the digestibility of commercial diets for dogs. The utilisation of such a method may significantly reduce the need for in vivo digestion trials with dogs. ARTICLE HISTORY

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The Use of Sorghum and Corn as Alternatives to Rice in Dog Foods

Cited by 29 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of partial substitution of rice with sorghum and inclusion of hydrolyzable tannins on digestibility and postprandial glycemia in adult dogs

Effect of partial substitution of rice with sorghum and inclusion of hydrolyzable tannins on digestibility and postprandial glycemia in adult dogs

Use of double-choice feeding to quantify feed ingredient preferences in pigs

A newin vitromethod to evaluate digestibility of commercial diets for dogs

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