Dental calculus (DC) is the most widespread oral problem in domestic dogs. Chewing items are used to remove DC from the tooth surface; they also favor oral health and animal welfare. Raw beef bone mastication also shortly reduces DC in adult dogs. However, it can cause oral lesions and hence is not popular. This study evaluated the impact of bone mastication on the dental roots, enamel, and gingiva of dogs. Twelve adult Beagle dogs were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups in a completely randomized block design: cortical bone (CB) or spongy bone (SB). Intraoral radiographs were obtained on days 0 and 14, and calculus assessment was performed using images captured on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 14; an integration program was used to measure the proportion between the area covered by calculus and the total area of teeth. DC was completely removed from the first and second premolars and molars from both the arcades in less than 3 days of supplementation, indicating that these teeth were frequently used for chewing (P < 0.10). Bones were highly effective for DC removal and gingival inflammation reduction. Despite the hardness of bones, no lesions or teeth root and enamel fracture, or esophageal or intestinal obstructions-complications related to bone ingestion-were noted. However, SB showed some gingival lesions (n = 4) and bone remnants between teeth (n = 2). Gingival lesions were caused by the daily and continuous supply of new pieces of bone for 13 days. Specific pieces of bone should be used for oral home care programs because they shortly remove almost 90% of DC, allowing longer intervals between periodontal cleaning procedures. Long-term studies are required to evaluate the use of bones and evaluate their impact on teeth and periodontium after prolonged supplementation.
Sorghum is used as a substitute for rice in dog food, owing to its nutritional similarity and low cost. However, its use has been associated with negative effects, like a reduction in palatability, digestibility, and enzyme activity, which can decrease nutrient absorption. The presence of condensed tannins (CT) in sorghum may cause these effects. Another tannin group, the hydrolysable tannins (HT), is known for its antioxidant properties. Research has shown the nutritional effects of sorghum on dogs, but the effect of HT on dogs remains unknown. We evaluated the effects of substituting rice with sorghum containing CT and inclusion of commercial extract of HT on digestibility, fecal and urinary characteristics, and postprandial blood glucose levels in adult dogs. Eight adult Beagle were randomly subjected to 4 treatments: (R) 50% rice; (RS) 25% rice + 25% sorghum; (RHT) 50% rice + 0.10% HT; (RSHT) 25% rice + 25% sorghum + 0,10% HT. Tannins did not affect food intake. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein (CP), acid hydrolyzed fat, gross energy, and metabolizable energy (ME) decreased with sorghum inclusion (P < 0.05). Greater fecal dry matter was observed with the RHT diet. HT associated with sorghum, RSHT diet, reduced ME (P < 0.05). Sorghum inclusion enhanced fecal output, without altering fecal score (P > 0.05). No alterations in urinary characteristics were observed. Sorghum and HT did not affect the postprandial blood glucose response measured by the area under the curve (P > 0.05). The substitution of rice by sorghum decreased CP digestibility and ME of the diets. Sorghum can be considered as a source of carbohydrates with lower digestibility of protein and energy than rice. HT may potentiate the effect of CT, but more research is needed to evaluate its potential use in dog nutrition.
The effect of partial substitution of maize for sorghum, containing condensed tannins (CT), with or without the addition of a purified hydrolysable tannin extract (HT), on dog apparent digestibility and glycemic response were evaluated. The trial was conducted with eight adult dogs distributed in four treatments: (M) 50% maize; (MS) 25% maize + 25% sorghum; (MHT) 50% maize + 0.10% HT; (MSHT) 25% maize + 25% sorghum + 0.10% HT; in a balanced incomplete Latin square design in three periods, with two dogs per diet, per period. Data were analyzed by ANOVA procedure and glycemic response by repeated measures ANOVA over time (P < 0.05). The phenolic compounds analyzed were not detected after extrusion process, with a reduction mainly in diets containing sorghum. There were no differences in the digestibility coefficients of nutrients and energy between the dietary treatments (P > 0.05). Fecal and urinary characteristics were not changed by the addition of sorghum and HT (P > 0.05). The fecal score remained within the ideal classification as hard, dry, firm stools. A moderate increase in fecal pH was observed on dogs fed diets containing sorghum (P = 0.0948). Additionally, the partial replacement of maize for sorghum associated or not with HT do not alter the glycemic aspects evaluated among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). Availability of nutrients from maize and sorghum were similar. Tannins did not interfere in the nutritional capacity of the ingredients.
Dogs with food allergies and enteropathies may require hydrolyzed diets to prevent or reduce clinical signs, therefore the protein sources used in these diets must be previously characterized and evaluated in healthy dogs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a hydrolyzed chicken liver powder-based diet (HCLP) versus a poultry by-product meal and bovine meat and bone meal-based diet (Control), on complete blood count (CBC), cytokine, immunoglobulins responses (assessed on days 0, 15, 30 and 45), and fecal microbiota (assessed on day 45) in healthy adult dogs. The CBC did not differ between diets (P>0.05), remaining within reference range. Total plasma IL-4 concentrations were decreased over time independent of the dietary treatment (P<0.001). Total plasma IgA decreased on day 30 compared to days 0 and 45 in dogs fed the control diet (P<0.001). Total plasma IgE concentrations were reduced on days 30 and 45 in dogs fed the control diet, and on days 15 vs 30 and 15 vs 45 in dogs fed HCLP diet (P = 0.001). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed similar species richness and abundances of phyla and genera between diets (P>0.05). β-diversity principal coordinate analysis plots demonstrated that HCLP group had a higher similarity than control. Based on our results, healthy adult dogs fed a HCLP based diet maintained normal values for hematological and immunological characteristics, and fecal microbiota after 45 days of feeding.
22Sorghum is used as a substitute of rice in dog food, owing to its nutritional similarity 23 and low cost. However, its use has been associated with negative effects, like a reduction in 24 palatability, digestibility, and enzyme activity, which can decrease nutrient absorption. The 25 presence of condensed tannins (CT) in sorghum may cause these effects. Another tannin group, 26 the hydrolysable tannins (HT), is known for its antioxidant properties. Research has shown the 27 nutritional effects of sorghum on dogs, but the effect of HT on dogs remains unknown. We 28 evaluated the effects of substituting rice with sorghum containing CT and inclusion of 29 commercial extract of HT on digestibility, fecal and urinary characteristics, and postprandial 30 blood glucose levels in adult dogs. Nine adult Beagle were randomly subjected to 4 treatments: 31 (R) 50% rice; (RS) 25% rice + 25% sorghum; (RHT) 50% rice + 0.10% HT; (RSHT) 25% rice 32 + 25% sorghum + 0,10% HT. Tannins did not affect food intake. The digestibility of dry matter, 33 organic matter, crude protein, acid hydrolyzed fat, gross energy, and metabolizable energy 34 (ME) decreased with sorghum inclusion (P < 0.05). Sorghum also decreased protein 35 digestibility (P < 0.05). Greater fecal dry matter was observed with the RHT diet. HT associated 36 with sorghum reduced ME (P < 0.05). Sorghum inclusion enhanced fecal output, without 37 altering fecal score (P > 0.05). No alterations in urinary characteristics were observed. Sorghum 38 and HT did not affect the postprandial blood glucose response measured by the area under the 39 curve (P > 0.05). The substitution of rice by sorghum negatively affected protein absorption 40 and ME of the diets. Sorghum can be considered as a good source of carbohydrates in 41 therapeutic diets for weight control. HT may potentiate the effect of CT, but more research is 42 needed to evaluate its potential use in dog nutrition. 43 44 46Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for most commercial dry-extruded diets 47 for adult dogs, with cereal grains representing 30 -60% of the final formula [1]. Rice is a 48 functional ingredient regularly used in extruded dog food, due to its high digestibility. But, 49 with the growing pet population over the past years, as well as the pet food industry, the search 50 for alternative ingredients to provide nutritional quality and functional properties is becoming 51 increasingly important [2]. 52In this scenario, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) appears as a viable option 53 owing to its high productivity per hectare, drought tolerance, resistance to pests, good 54 nutritional value, and lower cost of production, when compared with rice and corn [3]. 55Sorghum is commonly used-partially or wholly-as a source of energy in diets for non-56 ruminant animals, such as pigs and poultry [4,5]. It has been associated with some negative 57 effects, however, especially on animal performance. Research has shown that those negative 58 effects are linked to the presence of phenolic compoun...
The presence of dental calculus is one of the main issues associated with periodontitis in dogs. Mechanical removal of plaque and dental calculus can be performed through periodic oral prophylaxis conducted by veterinary dentists, and by continuous chewing of various items. Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of bones as dental calculus agent removal in adult dogs. However, their effect regarding removal of oral microbiota remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of autoclaved spongy bone (SB) or compact bone (CB) supplementation on the oral microbiota of adult dogs with pre-existing dental calculus. The V4 region of the 16S rDNA gene was used for Illumina MiSeq next-generation sequencing. Transition was observed on the phyla proportion of the SB group, where the saliva sample initially presented a predominance of Bacteroidetes (51.3%) and Proteobacteria (33.0%), and changed to Proteobacteria (52.4%) and Bacteroidetes (33.9%). The gingival sulcus changed from Bacteroidetes (66.7%) and Proteobacteria (17.5%) prior to SB supplementation to Proteobacteria (76.3%) and Bacteroidetes (18.5%). No changes were observed in the proportion of saliva and gingival sulcus phyla in group CB. Moraxella sp. and Bergeyella zoohelcum increased in both saliva and gingival sulcus after SB supplementation. Saliva and gingival sulcus in the CB group showed increases in Porphyromonas species after 13 days’ supplementation. This study showed that chewing SB had a profound impact on both saliva and gingival sulcus microbiota, while CB did not cause substantial changes in the microbiota in either environment.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.