The Use of Ships of Opportunity for Irish Sea Based Oceanographic Measurements

Balfour, C.; Howarth, M.J.; Smithson, M. J.; Jones, D. S.; Pugh, J. C.

doi:10.1109/oceanse.2007.4302210

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As a joint initiative between CObs and the FerryBox project, a commercial ferry run by Nofolkline (later DFDS Seaways) was fitted with sensors measuring near-surface parameters including temperature, conductivity, turbidity and chlorophyll (Howarth and Palmer, 2011;Balfour et al, 2007). Measurements were taken every 10 s, and sent remotely to data servers approximately every 15 min.…”

Section: Ferrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling temperature and salinity in Liverpool Bay and the Irish Sea: sensitivity to model type and surface forcing

O’Neill¹,

Polton²,

Holt³

et al. 2012

Preprint

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Three shelf sea models are compared against observed surface temperature and salinity in Liverpool Bay and the Irish Sea: a 7 km NEMO model, and 12 km and 1.8 km POLCOMS models. Each model is run with two different surface forcing datasets of different resolutions. <br></br> Comparisons with a variety of observations from the Liverpool Bay Coastal Observatory show that increasing the surface forcing resolution improves the modelled surface temperature in all the models, in particular reducing the summer warm bias and winter cool bias. The response of surface salinity is more varied with improvements in some areas and deterioration in others. <br></br> The 7 km NEMO model performs as well as the 1.8 km POLCOMS model when measured by overall skill scores although the sources of error in the models are different. NEMO is too weakly stratified in Liverpool Bay, whereas POLCOMS is too strongly stratified. The horizontal salinity gradient, which is too strong in POLCOMS, is better reproduced by NEMO which uses a more diffusive horizontal advection scheme. This leads to improved semi-diurnal variability in salinity in NEMO at a mooring site located in the Liverpool Bay ROFI area

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Section: Ferrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling temperature and salinity in Liverpool Bay and the Irish Sea: sensitivity to model type and surface forcing

O’Neill¹,

Polton²,

Holt³

et al. 2012

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As a joint initiative between CObs and the FerryBox project, a commercial ferry run by Nofolkline (later DFDS Seaways) was fitted with sensors measuring near-surface parameters including temperature, conductivity, turbidity and chlorophyll Balfour et al, 2007). Measurements were taken every 10 s, and sent remotely to data servers approximately every 15 min.…”

Section: Ferrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling temperature and salinity in Liverpool Bay and the Irish Sea: sensitivity to model type and surface forcing

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Three shelf sea models are compared against observed surface temperature and salinity in Liverpool Bay and the Irish Sea: a 7 km NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean) model, and 12 km and 1.8 km POLCOMS (Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory Coastal Ocean Modelling System) models. Each model is run with two different surface forcing datasets of different resolutions.Comparisons with a variety of observations from the Liverpool Bay Coastal Observatory show that increasing the surface forcing resolution improves the modelled surface temperature in all the models, in particular reducing the summer warm bias and winter cool bias. The response of surface salinity is more varied with improvements in some areas and deterioration in others.The 7 km NEMO model performs as well as the 1.8 km POLCOMS model when measured by overall skill scores, although the sources of error in the models are different. NEMO is too weakly stratified in Liverpool Bay, whereas POLCOMS is too strongly stratified. The horizontal salinity gradient, which is too strong in POLCOMS, is better reproduced by NEMO which uses a more diffusive horizontal advection scheme. This leads to improved semi-diurnal variability in salinity in NEMO at a mooring site located in the Liverpool Bay ROFI (region of freshwater influence) area.

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“…This seasonal cycle is the first mode of variability from 3 years of SST data at the mouth of the Mersey. These data are measured by the Liverpool Viking Ferry as it passes through the Mersey Narrows (Balfour et al, 2007). Similarly the freshwater discharge was set to a constant value of 10 psu to better represent the observed Ferry based salinities in the Mersey Narrows.…”

Section: Polcomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scales and structure of frontal adjustment and freshwater export in a region of freshwater influence

Hopkins

Polton

2011

Ocean Dynamics

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Sea surface temperature satellite imagery and a regional hydrodynamic model are used to investigate the variability and structure of the Liverpool Bay thermohaline front. A statistically based water mass classification technique is used to locate the front in both data sets. The front moves between 5 km and 35 km in response to spring-neap changes in tidal mixing, an adjustment that is much greater than at other shelf-sea fronts. Superimposed on top of this fortnightly cycle are semi-diurnal movements of 5-10 km driven by flood and ebb tidal currents. Seasonal variability in the freshwater discharge and the density difference between buoyant inflow and more saline Irish Sea water give rise to two different dynamical regimes. During winter, when cold inflow reduces the buoyancy of the plume, a bottom-advected front develops. Over the summer, when warm river water provides additional buoyancy, a surface-advected plume detaches from the bottom and propagates much larger distances across the Bay. Decoupled from near-bed processes the position of the surface front is more variable.Fortnightly stratification and re-mixing over large areas of Liverpool Bay is a potentially important mechanism by which fresh water, and its nutrient and pollutant loads, are exported from the coastal plume system. Based on length scales estimated from model and satellite data the erosion of post-neap stratification is estimated to be responsible for exporting approximately 19% of the fresh estuarine discharge annually entering the system. Although the baroclinic residual circulation makes a more significant contribution to fresh-

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The Use of Ships of Opportunity for Irish Sea Based Oceanographic Measurements

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Modelling temperature and salinity in Liverpool Bay and the Irish Sea: sensitivity to model type and surface forcing

Modelling temperature and salinity in Liverpool Bay and the Irish Sea: sensitivity to model type and surface forcing

Modelling temperature and salinity in Liverpool Bay and the Irish Sea: sensitivity to model type and surface forcing

Scales and structure of frontal adjustment and freshwater export in a region of freshwater influence

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